Plantation Society and Creole Society Essay example

Plantation Society and Creole Society There is a vast range of cultural diversity in the Caribbean today. In this paper, I would be discussing the similarities and differences found between the plantation society model and the Creole society model. The plantation model was developed in the late 1960’s. According to the book Mustapha (2009), the plantation system played a dominant role in the economic, social, political and cultural life of the Caribbean. George Beckford (1972) saw the plantation system as a total economic institution, where ‘the internal and external dimensions of the plantation system dominate the countries’ economic, social and political structure and their relation with the rest of the world’ (p.102). Within the†¦show more content†¦the Europeans on the other hand interculterated, which is defined as the exchange of cultural traits between groups in society (Mustapha 2009, p.93) According to an article entitled ‘Caribbean Political Culture’, I understa nd that in both society models, different groups or cultures are placed in a superior/ inferior relationship to each other. In the Creole and plantation model, blacks were on the lowest ground on the social ladder. In my view I would say that they did not play in any part in decision making. Unlike the Creole society, the plantation society is considered structured and organization. Both societies played a dominant role in the social, political and cultural life of the Caribbean. In the plantation model, in regards to the social life, slaves had to communicate with the owners. After reading Mustapha (2009) (p.104), it appears that the plantation model was a unit of authority controlling every aspect of people’s lives which had no local technological advancement. These people were not able to make a decision on their own, which I find as taking away their rights which is injustice. This model focused too much on the institution, rather on the needs of the people. Everyone has feelings, but in this case, it was all inhumaneShow MoreRelatedThe Charter And Plantation Generations1069 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerations: charter, plantation and revolutionary, across four geographic areas: Chesapeake, New England, the Lower country and the lower Mississippi valley. In this paper, I will discuss the differences between the charter and plantation generations, the changes in work and living conditions, resistance, free blacks and changes in manumission. The charter and plantation generations happened over two different centuries and it begins with the arrival of Atlantic creoles in the Chesapeake. TheRead MoreEssay on Different Perspectives of The Caribbean1433 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of the Caribbean there are many overlapping topics throughout all three works. With the prevalent overlap, of such topics as plantations, Creole culture, and the effect of colonization there is evidence of agreement, but more often than not there is a contrast in opinion. The most predominant topic in all three works was the issue and result of the plantation system. Because the pieces were written from people of different background, both ethnically, and educationally, there is a definiteRead MoreWest Indian Peasantry Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagesmethods to revolt such as intentionally working indolently and commiting suicide. Suicide was a common way of revolt, that caused serious problems to the white traders and owners . It was used on the slave ships crossing the atlantic ocean to the plantations . The effectiveness of this tool against the white owners is evident in a note that the Royal African Company sent to a captain in 1725, telling the captain to be very careful to keep the slaves locked up and keep them from jumping overboard . HoweverRead More The Social Impact of Slavery on the Caribbean Society Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Impact of Slavery on the Caribbean Society In order for us to understand the Caribbean, we must acknowledge the tremendous social impact slavery placed upon the islands. We must not only consider the practice of slavery dating back to the indigenous peoples, but from what the introduction of the African slave trade did to the islands economically as well as culturally. In this paper let me reflect on slavery in the Caribbean not from an economical standpoint but, from the racial orRead More The Caribbean According to Three Writings Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pagesaccord on is the heterogeniality of the Caribbean. Mintz states over and again that the societies of the Caribbean do not form an undifferentiated group. According to Mintz, It is inaccurate to refer to the Caribbean as a ‘cultural area’, if by ‘culture’ is meant a common body of historical tradition . . . It would probably be more accurate to refer to the Caribbean as a ‘societal area’, since its component societies probably sh are many more social-structure features than they do cultural features (MintzRead MoreThe Young Lords Movement Of The United States1292 Words   |  6 Pagestreated as slaves just like the African Americans and wanted it to end immediately. The Young Lords consisted of both women and men. 3. Black nationalism supports a racial definition of national identity. Blacks wanted independence from European society. The purpose of this movement was to gain economic power and infuse a sense of community among African Americans. Black nationalists wanted to maintain their separate identity as a people. They wanted to invoke a sense of pride in African AmericansRead MoreHistorical And Cultural Background Of The Guyanese Statistic Bureau British Guiana ( Guyana )4034 Words   |  17 Pageslocated in northern South America, with approximately 90% of its square miles undeveloped and the vast majority of its inhabitants living along a ten-mile strip of the coast, this coastal area mainly inhabited by and containing the highest population of Creole speakers’(Holbrook 2001) . According to Holbrook, â€Å"The social situation in British Guiana is complex due to several factors, these being the colonial history of the country, the importation of African Slaves, the political history, and even governmentRead MoreDominiquie Gray Len Peyronnin History 2030: Louisiana History May 6, 2014 The Feast of all Saints900 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Rice: A historical fiction based story about the New Orleans society of free men of color (Gens de couleur libres), before the civil war living within the laws of the white men that surround them. Between 1810 and the Civil War, there lived in New Orleans a strange, Varying mixtures of the black race and French ethnics (half breeds, quadroons, and octoroons, mostly), they had a special place--or non-place--in Louisiana society. Even before the civil war, New Orleans has been a mixture of culturesRead MoreEssay about Continuity and Change over Time - 1450s/1750s638 Words   |  3 PagesContinuity/Change Over Time During the 1450’s to 1750’s the Americas were evolving at a constant rate. The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. In addition, forced labor was an important constant throughout the region and was controlled by Spanish and the Inca’s which also allowed for a mixture of culture and ethnicities. South America throughout the time-periodRead MoreEssay about Life of a Slave in the Caribbean1450 Words   |  6 PagesCaribbean The experience of Caribbean slavery is vital in understanding the contemporary social structure of the region. It was the introduction of an estimated four million Africans to the Caribbean which made these islands melting pots of culture and society. Since Africans had such a tremendous impact on the region, it is important that we recognize the nature of slavery and how it transformed their lives. Although most agree that the institution was dehumanizing, the social relations of slavery help

Americans Are Wasteful People Free Essays

Americans are wasteful people How much do Americans waste? What a good question. Americans generate 30% of the world’s garbage. Americans waste many different things over 10 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Americans Are Wasteful People or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the government is taking measures to fix the problem, and Americans are contributing to reduce this problem. The wastefulness of the population is a major problem in USA. A wasteful person is one who is inclined to waste. Thus, recycling is not part of their daily routine. A wasteful person is characterized by useless consumption. Americans have become increasingly wasteful since mid-1990s. In the 1990s, the American population was wasting significantly high amounts of several goods, and no one was recycling. In 1990, less than 2% of America total waste was recycled. Americans were annually wasting 130 million dollars of energy and 165 million dollars of food. In addition, each American wasted an average of 2. 3 million liters of water per year. The most dangerous items wasted by America are: water, paper, energy, glass, food and plastic. For example, by not turning off the water while showering, Americans wasted 130 million dollars of energy and over 2 million liters of water. Americans often left their lights on when not needed. Trees were being unnecessarily destroyed to produce paper because only about one third of the paper produced was being recycled, and only to 37% of glass and 7% of plastic were recycled. Thus, resources were wasted unnecessarily. America started facing this big problem. Of course, the government wanted to reverse the problem and implemented measures. These measures were implemented to promote everyone to recycle. Recyclable trash receptacles were put all over the cities. TV and posters advertisements were made to encourage everyone to recycle. Investments in the recycle industry increased. Resources that were not recyclable were used to produce final goods and were replaced with recyclable goods. For instance, pickles used to be sold in jars; however, now there are sold in plastic jars. Other measures are going to be implemented; however, the ones already implemented are solving the problem. As Americans started to see these measures being implemented, they were really encouraged. Americans started to be less wasteful. Home-recycling increased, and energy consumption decreased. For instance, those unnecessary lights were turned off. Useless water consumption decreased, so Americans had water running only when needed. Although many actions are needed, 77% of all Americans are now recycling. The government measures were successful, and certainly waste will decrease as time goes by. The environment is clearly better. Americans are wasteful people, however they are wasting less. How to cite Americans Are Wasteful People, Papers

Saving Private Ryan Summary Essay Example For Students

Saving Private Ryan Summary Essay Saving Private RyanMany people in this world have power and influence. Yet, there are few who have the traits needed to be an incredible leader. These people who are positive leaders tend to leave strong impressions in our minds for years or maybe even a lifetime. In choosing a movie with a character that portrayed a strong sense of power and influence, and possessed the traits of a good leader, I remembered a character that left an admirable impression in my mind. Saving Private Ryan is a perfect example of a movie with all of the elements of powerful and influential leaders. Specifically, Tom Hanks who plays Captain John Miller is a strong willed individual with a commitment to his country. He leads his troop through battlefields and dangerous predicaments during World War II. It is his knowledge of combating the enemy, which leads him into a precarious situation. Captain Miller is assigned the difficult task of finding Private Ryan who is missing along with most of his troop, whic h was divided after an attack. The reason for the mission is because Private Ryans three brothers had just died in the war. Private Ryan is to be sent home immediately. The rest of the events that unfold entail tragedies and accomplishments that lead to Captain Millers final command. Looking back at how Captain Miller was a powerful leader throughout the movie is evident in most everything that he does. He was a legitimate Captain with much training in his position as an authoritative figure. With every command that he gives, he exerts his power. According to French and Raven (1960), there are five types of power. They are reward, coercive, legitimate, expert, and referent power. It is easy to apply each one of these types of power to Captain Miller and his approach to leadership. The first type of power, reward power, is the potential of an organization or member in a specified role to offer positive incentives for good behavior. In an organization these incentives may include bonuses, vacations, or promotions. The incentives may vary from one member of a role to another. Captain Miller may have exerted reward power by giving his soldiers easier work when they behaved properly. Another way that he may have used this power is by allowing them to take breaks when they should have kept going. Being a Captain meant that he had this reward power just by his title. Coercive power is the ability for an individual to punish a subordinate for undesirable behavior. Examples of coercive power would be dismissal, docking of pay, reprimands, and unpleasant work assignments. Sometimes these types of punishments are stated in organizations main beliefs. Captain Miller used this type of power whenever one of his troop members behaved improperly. For example, in the movie when he heard one of his men say something he didnt approve of, he reprimanded him. This also was vested in his title. Legitimate power is the third type of power. This is also known as authority. This is when a subordinate believes the leaders power over him or her is legitimate. Captain Miller definitely had this power because of his title. This type of power relates to reward and coercive power. Since he is a Captain his gives him the legitimacy to reward and punish his subordinates. At one point in the movie, Captain Miller instructed his army to plan an attack on the enemy. This is a command that puts all of their lives at risk. Because that command came from a Captain and not just another soldier, those who followed his orders most likely did so because of his title. .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 , .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .postImageUrl , .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 , .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:hover , .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:visited , .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:active { border:0!important; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:active , .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8 .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u76d302124ae954aca7f3980dc759e5d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Privacy and Information Technology EssayExpert power is the belief that some other individual has expertise in a given area and he or she should defer to the experts judgement. This experience is what made the other soldiers look up to Captain Miller. This expert power is perceived experience. Although the leader may or may not have actual experience, this perception may lead to negative outcomes. In Saving Private Ryan, there were no negative outcomes because of a lack of experience. Every command and decision made by Captain Miller was based on knowledge and expertise. That is why Captain Miller and his men eventually prevail. The last type of power is referent power. This happens to be the most abstract type of power. When a leader is someone who can be looked up to they are said to have referent power. The source of referent power is the referents personal qualities. Captain Miller demonstrates referent power throughout the movie. One factor that may contribute to this quality could be his age. His is slightly older than the other soldiers are. This age difference may cause the soldiers to look up to Captain Miller. Age is known sometimes as a personal quality that causes reverence. Another aspect of superior leadership is the different type of traits that he or she may possess. This particular approach emphasizes the personal attributes of leaders. The importance of each leaders personal traits and the relationship to his or her effectiveness appears to depend upon the situation that each leader may encounter. There are four traits that may encompass a good leader. These traits include physical, social, personality, and intellectual aspects. More specifically, a high energy level, tolerance for stress, emotional maturity, integrity, and self-confidence all lead to incomparable leadership. The physical traits that Captain Miller possessed were distinctive of an excellent leader. His body was capable of performing tasks that not just anyone could do. He was stronger than most people were. Captain Miller was also what society would view to be handsome. This trait is useful in persuading people because they may think that someone who is good looking is more credible than an average looking person. Captain Miller showed that he had a very high energy level when he led his troop through many days of treacherous warfare. This high energy level is essential when dealing with tiresome work. A high energy level is also needed to encourage other subordinates to do their work and to do it well. The social aspects that are common of a good leader may consist of knowing how to act in certain situations. Because Captain Miller was a higher-ranking soldier, he needed to know how to act properly. He would do this by showing respect to those who were higher than him and by making sure that those who are under him show him proper respect. Every person has a different type of personality. It takes a specific personality to be able to withstand the challenge of leadership. Those who have a higher tolerance for stress seem to be able to help cope with the hectic pace and demands of leadership positions. Captain Miller had self-confidence in himself to make the right decision at the right time. Captain Millers personality type was ideal for leadership. He handled stress very well, considering throughout the whole movie, stress was placed upon him. Emotional maturity is also a trait that the Captain possessed. This is the idea that someone is less self-centered, has more self-control, has more stable emotions, and is less defensive. He did not get caught up in what was actually happening too often. Whenever a time like this came about, he stopped to gather himself so that he could be a good leader for the rest of the troop. .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 , .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .postImageUrl , .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 , .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:hover , .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:visited , .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:active { border:0!important; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:active , .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8 .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u566a5409be90aeda99ba57d3c4c8ddd8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rudyard Kipling EssayWhen a persons behavior is consistent with expressed values and that person is honest and trustworthy, they are said to have integrity. Captain Miller was completely honest with his men. He was also someone who could be trusted. At one point in the movie, one of the soldiers told the Captain a very personal story about their life. Since he was a good leader, he listened and gave the soldier advice on the subject. One of the most important traits that Captain Miller had was his intellect. He was smarter than the average person was. He came up with brilliant ideas to stop the enemy. His troop listened to him and obeyed him because they knew that he was knowledgeable in what he was talking about. Captain Miller was a powerful and influential leader. He led his men through some of the hardest times of the war. Not only did he display the five types of power, he showed that he had all of the traits necessary to be an extraordinary leader.

Teacher Assistant free essay sample

Then following with an introduction of the subject and and activity for the whole class, then asking questions and develop the topic, maybe in small groups, for a longer period of time. Give them an activity related to the topic and provide aids and materials to help them to perform the activity successfully. Then give time for the students to do the activity, always checking their progress and solving their questions. Ask the students to choose a member of the group to share their results. Have ready some extra tasks to be done if there is a need for an extension Then assess the results link the topic with examples that the pupils can relate to. Ask the students for other uses for the information given. Leave some homework or task to do at home with a parent or carer. Encourage to do some extra activities like keeping a diary. Question 2: Describe your role in delivering learning activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Assistant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even tough my role will depend on the school and my experience, understanding the activity and the pupils is a must. My role consists of assisting the teacher by preparing the learning environment to meet the need of all the pupils in the class and providing the appropriate learning activities and materials. Supervising an individual or small group of pupils, always maintaining their safety and interacting with them to focus their attention on the learning potential of the learning materials. Using praise and encouragement to help pupils participate fully and observe their responses during the process. Question 3: make a list of the things expected from you as part of your role upporting an individual pupil or group of pupils. Helping the pupils access the subject matter that has been provided by the teacher, supervise them during different activities and encourage them to learn in an independent manner. Ensure their safety and general welfare. Facilitate their physical, emotional, social and educational development. To assist with sick children and deal with minor cuts and grazes. To promote and r einforce the self-esteem of all pupils and encourage acceptance and the inclusion of those pupils with special educational needs Question 4: Think about your role and responsibilities as teacher assistant. List examples of your own general and specific tasks. As a teacher assistant I must know the school policies and procedures and understanding my role and responsibilities in relation to them. To attend staff meetings and training sessions and acquire the full range of skills and knowledge that the job requires from me to do a satisfactory work. As a teacher assistant I also must help with the preparation and organization of the learning environment as directed by the teacher. Work in partnership with the teacher to prepare and maintain the learning environment, for example by helping to prepare in advance the lessons and/or teaching aids, preparing the rooms, materials and equipment. Making sure the equipment and materials are clean, safe and in their place and put them away once they are not needed any more. observing and recording the progress of the pupils during the activities and discuss later with the teacher the results I must support the pupils by understanding their learning and physical needs, and responding appropriately to them. I also must check the pupils work, if necessary help them to catch up, encourage them to correct their own mistakes and provide them with support to learn independently. In order to do that I must develop a positive working relationship with the pupils. That can be achieved by listening to them, gaining their trust and confidence, always respecting and valuing them, knowing that children must be safe at all times. Other specific tasks I must do include helping the students, by taking notes for them if necessary, listening to them as they read, playing games with one individual pupil or a small group, read to them. Assisting them with special equipment. Clarifying meanings or ideas as well as activities if necessary. Refer to the teacher any problems or difficulties I cannot solve on my own Question 5: Briefly describe the role of the teaching assistant in relation to the teacher. The teachers role is to plan lessons, direct and assess pupils learning. The role of the teaching assistant is to support the teacher in planning, delivering and evaluating learning activities and also, under the teachers direction to give support to the class, whether it is the whole class, small groups or individuals. Question 6: Briefly outline the role and responsibilities of the headteacher; deputy/assistant headteacher, SENCO, Key-stage coordinators; subject coordinators; class/subject teachers. The headteacher is responsible for all the pupils in the school, and along with the deputy/assistant headteacher, Senco and Key-stage Coordinators, is responsible for the creation and and maintenance of the learning environment throughout the school as a whole. The class/subject teacher, on the other hand, is responsible for the preparation and maintenance of an appropriate learning environment within their own classroom and subject area. Question 7: Give examples of how to promote independent learning, e. g. Using ICT skills. First by establishing clear procedures, pupils must know what to do during the activity and after finishing. Assign open-ended learning activities, so the pupils can choose what they want to talk about, or what book to read or what kind of game they want to play, since this will give them a sense of ownership in their learning. Guide the students through questions, so they can find the answer by themselves. Ask questions to reflect on what they have done and how it helps them. Provide assessment and feedback. Encourage pupils to work in groups and help each other. Encourage students to predict the results of the activities or how well they did on tests. Setting challenging and realistic learning goals encourage pupils to keep learner diaries. Question 8: what strategies can be used to support pupils in learning activities. Pupils can be supported by using many strategies, for example ole play, teaching trough discussion, familiarise them with the topic or finding out what they think or know about a specific subject by asking questions. Allowing pupils to â€Å"show† rather than â€Å"tell†, model activities before the pupils carry them out, using flash cards, kinaesthetic activities such as playing â€Å"Simon says† or â€Å"walk the shape† using word games, such as â€Å"taboo†, using examples that are culturally available to all pupils. Using writing frames. Using dictionaries. Allowing the pupils to practice before answering. Activities such as â€Å"Show and tell†. Allowing self-assessment.

Why All White Gold Is Plated

Why All White Gold Is Plated Did you know nearly all white gold is plated with another metal to make it the shiny white color that it is? Heres a look at what white gold is plated with and why it is plated in the first place. Rhodium Plates All White Gold Its an industry standard that all white gold used for jewelry is plated with rhodium. Why rhodium? It is a white metal that somewhat resembles platinum, forms a strong bond over the gold alloy, takes a high shine, resists corrosion and oxidation, and is well-tolerated by most people. Why Plate White Gold White gold usually is not white. The gold alloy normally is a dull yellowish or gray color. White gold consists of gold, which is yellow, plus silver (white) metals, such as nickel, manganese, or palladium. The higher the percentage of gold, the higher its karat value, but the more yellow its appearance. High karat white gold, such as 18k white gold, is soft and could be easily damaged in jewelry. The rhodium adds hardness and durability, makes all white gold a uniform color and protects the wearer from potentially problematic metals found in some white gold, such as nickel. The downside to white gold is that the rhodium coating, while durable, eventually wears down. While the gold underneath isnt harmed, its usually unattractive, so most people get their jewelry re-plated. Because rings are exposed to more wear and tear than other types of jewelry, they may require re-plating in as little as 6 months. Why Not Use Platinum In some cases, platinum is used to plate gold and silver jewelry. Both platinum and rhodium are noble metals that resist corrosion. In fact, rhodium is even more expensive than platinum. Rhodium is a bright silver color, while platinum is darker or more gray.

Bookstore Inventory System

Table of Contents Introduction Statement of the Problem Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study Scope and Delimitation of the Study Definition of Terms Introduction Information Technology has brought different changes in the environment especially in the growth of advanced technology. Modern technology is used by many companies and other business establishment either private / public in order to benefit the advantages that it brings to businesses. They use a computer as one of the devices to work easier and faster. It is one of the aspects considered in order to gain success in the competitive world of business. Information Communication Technology or ICT is used as a general term for all kinds of technology which enable users to create access and manipulate information. ICT is a combination of information technology and communications technology. In an increasingly interconnected world, the interactions among devices, systems, and people are growing rapidly. Businesses need to meet the demands of their employees and customers to allow for greater access to systems and information. All of these communications needs must be delivered in a unified way. By offering a scalable infrastructure, cloud computing models enable companies to work smarter through more agile and cost-effective access to technology and information. This unified platform reduces costs and boosts productivity across business. Part of an information and communications technology roadmap should involve consolidating infrastructures, while providing added benefits to users in collaboration, messaging, calendaring, instant messaging, audio, video, and web conferencing. Cloud computing is driving more efficient IT consumption and delivery and taking ICT to the next level. The importance of having an efficient and robust Bookstore Inventory and Sales System cannot be understated. As technology continues to evolve, customers are demanding streamlined customer service and instant access to easier transaction process. Bookstore Inventory and Sales System generates customer service processes, increases efficiency and improves technological factors. Statement of the Problem This system aims to handle transactions and to have a success in customer interaction presents. 1. How can the customer view the details of a certain item they need. 2. How can the administrator view all the records of the entire customer. 3. How can the administrator compute the bills of the customer. 4. How the administrators can add and delete customer’s record. 5. How can the administrator manage the customers. Theoretical Framework Bookstore Inventory and Sales System provides the easiest way in customer service. At this point, our system is one whom we designed for the purpose. First, a user can register either an administrator or a clerk provided the questions and requirements asked as he go through the process then if successful, he will be automatically registered in the logs. If registered as administrator, he can do all changes in every transaction on sales and records for the authority is in that position. He can delete, edit, or add in the records available. He can also view all the stocks and the total sales in a certain date. On the other hand, clerk, he can only do things that only a clerk can do such as do transactions with the customer purchasing in a certain date and record it accordingly. Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study This system will be able to lessen the difficulty of service providers in finding and locating the book/s the customer want to buy. With corresponding details and price of each book, the clerk can be able to automatically inform the customer. This system will also help them know the quantity of books and stocks available. This will also function as a sales inventory for all the transactions recorded accordingly. This system will be able to lessen the time – consuming processes for clerk and customers, create a quick and easy ambiance for all transactions, to develop a customer – clerk interaction with a good atmosphere, and especially to increase the number of sales because of the good services it provides. Scope and Delimitation From manual system to automated system is a very hard job to do but for an easier way it is designed to make the work faster. This inventory system can keep all the information and transactions in the computer. The admin can do change if the customers can’t achieve his/her needs. Admin/Clerk can compute the bills of the customers in an easiest way. This system can display all the customers’ information and needs. The customers can have his/her record in the computer and can have his/her service in details as he/she has requested. Definition of Terms 1. Inventory The act or process of making a complete list of the things that are in a place. 2. Sales The total amount of money that a business receives from selling goods or services. 3. Transaction A business deal: an occurrence in which goods, services, or money are passed from one person, account, company to another. 4. Bill An itemized statement of money owed for goods shipped or services rendered. 5. Clerk A person whose job is to keep track of records and documents for a business or office. 6. Administrator A person who controls the use of something (such as property or money).

The Accusing Girls in Arthur Miller's The Crucible Research Paper

The Accusing Girls in Arthur Miller's The Crucible - Research Paper Example Redefining Aristotelian ideas about theatre, playwrights of the twentieth century talked of ideas and images that haunted them, often taking on the political class through their plays. Significant among these new writers was Arthur Miller. His play, The Crucible, talks about America that was increasingly intolerant towards differences within its society. The critique of this society and its political groups comes in a veiled manner, through a critique of the Salem Witch Trials that happened in the seventeenth century in Puritan America. This critique serves two purposes. Firstly, it saved Miller, to a certain extent, from the intolerant intellectual climate that he was writing about. On the other hand, it also served to highlight the cruelty of the same climate by equating it to one of the most horrific incidents in American history where innocent men and women were put to death because of the political needs of a certain class of people. This paper shall seek to analyze the characte rs of the two accusing girls within the play – Abigail Williams and Betty Parris. The motivations of these characters for accusing the other characters are not ideological or religious. They accuse other people of witchcraft for their own individual purposes. While this is not to say that accusing another person wrongly for religious purposes can be condoned, the absolute lack of any principles that guide the accusations is astounding. Miller focuses the attention of his readers and audience towards this hypocrisy that is present in the American society, something that he talks of as being present since the days of the Salem Witch trials since 1693 (Linder). This hypocrisy is borne out of a fear that does not let a person rest, according to the play. Abigail Williams seems to be a part of this fear and amidst talks of punishing witches, she seeks to seduce John Proctor. The hypocrisy of this ideological standpoint is revealed at those points where both Abigail and Proctor see k to conceal the details of their relationship. What Abigail seems to be seeking is merely sexual pleasure. However, a reluctance to accept this is accompanied by a desire to victimize other women as witches. Historically, the women who were victimized as witches were mainly persons of sexualities that were not sanctioned by the ultra-conservative Puritan church. They also belonged to that class of women who were unable, under the Puritan dispensation, to fulfill their educational ambitions (Blumberg). This can be seen in the references that characters make to women who read, in The Crucible. It is, thus, all the more tragic when women fail to support their initiative and condemn them as witches. This defines the predicament of people like Abigail Williams, Mary Warren and Betty Parris. Instead of displaying a certain kind of solidarity towards each other, they seek to victimize each other for their own short-term goals. The persons who gain from these accusations are those who seek to cheat others out of their land and set up their own farms, thus perpetuating patriarchal forms of living that would then make possible incidents such as the trials in the future. The events that Miller talks of in The Crucible are historically accurate to a certain extent. They are, however, also fictionalized to a large degree. This helps the

John Brown- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

John Brown- Terrorist or Freedom Fighter - Essay Example Using one of the most famous accounts of such a confrontation in America, the author illustrates the impact of humanitarians’ calls for abolition linking John Brown’s Raid as a possible origin of the American Civil War. However, the noble intentions of the raid are usually taken out of context to associate its consequences with acts of terrorism. In spite of the dangerous approach adopted by John Brown and his associates in the Harpers Ferry episode, abolition campaign was like a time bomb that would have anyway exploded due to neglect and contempt of human rights issues. Flanked by this thesis statement, this essay will attempt to analyze the life of John Brown and the events at Harpers Ferry raid to pick a position on legality of his actions as reiterated in the accompanying conclusion. Inequality and slavery in the polarized American society concerned John Brown to the extent that he found an alternative to peaceful abolition campaign that had not delivered results. Besides his desire to have a successful campaign for a slave free country, he was angered by some abolition positions that did not advocate for equality to the marginalized slave community (Earle, 13). Terrible aggression had been observed against slaves who were also subjected to inhumane conditions, a matter that inspired John Brown to apply similar tactics on the perpetrators of the violence on slaves. Alternatively, there was an apparent division into two southern and northern factions along hard-line positions on the issue of slavery. John Brown was a northerner, the faction that largely advocated for peaceful resolution of the American humanitarian concerns. Despite the fact that religious input into the campaign quelled application of any hostility tactic, the emergence of certain abolition acti vists who were desperate for the continued suppression of slaves and minorities was on the rise. The hostile abolitionists had realized that however dangerous it appeared, hostility

Individual Food Intake Essay Example for Free

Individual Food Intake Essay After using the food assessment tool at www.choosemyplate.gov I found that my daily intake of food was not sufficient for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Many of my goals were not achieved or were overachieved. This assessment revealed an imbalance in my eating habits. Like many Americans I am on the run and constrained by time. Going to school and working fulltime often forces me to eat quickly and make hurried choices. Often my choices are not in my best health interest but rather based on what is fast. When I have time, I tend to try to make better eating decisions but this is not sufficient for a good diet. In accordance with the Food Guide Pyramid I fell short in many areas of necessary consumption and went over in other areas. For the three day period I went over in grains (14.5 oz.) and over in proteins (10.5 oz.). I was insufficient with vegetables (1 cup), fruits (3/4 cup), and dairy (1 cup). What I found disturbing was that the bulk of the items I went over on was not balanced across three days but was instead committed on one to two days of the tracker. This means that on one day I had reached limits. This could be seen clearly on the third day and specifically with regard to lunch and my numbers jumped dramatically. I believe that I need to reshape my diet around the six classes of nutrients. The six nutrients include: 1. Water 2. Carbohydrates 3. Proteins 4. Fats 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals Each of the six nutrients is necessary in varying degrees in the body. Using the Food Pyramid I can identify the levels of nutrient intake and then  design my diet in accordance with balancing these numbers. For example, I eat a banana each day but this only provides me with a portion of the fruit intake I need and thereby cuts down on the vitamins and minerals I receive. By increasing my fruit intake I can increase this number but this is only part of the solution. I need to add more variety of food which will better encompass the wide range of nutrients needed. For example, strawberries and blueberries could be added to my diet and this would increase antioxidant intake as well as vitamins such as C. It is not just fruit intake that would need to be altered in this way; vegetables and meats also need to be examined. The intake of green vegetables would help to increase vitamin A, foliate, and iron, among other essentials. By expanding my varieties of foods I can incorporate this into my diet, as well as the elimination of certain types of foods could be used to increase nutrient intake such as removing the fast food burger in lieu of leaner fish which contains higher levels of Omega 3 and better quality proteins. Leaner meats that do not require heavy cooking also require less energy for the body to process and provide more useful calories. By modifying my diet in accordance with the Food Pyramid, I believe I can become healthier. The key is to determine the different foods that I will need to incorporate into my diet and to find the quantity that balances my caloric intake. For this I will need to do some research because I still need my diet to be somewhat convenient as well as nutritionally balanced. I believe it should also be mentioned that the level of fats that are taken in should be monitored as well, because almost a third of my diet was empty calories which had no nutritional value. There was also a very high sodium intake and my saturated fats were over the limit. These issues present many long term concerns which need to be addressed. This diet failure also explains my feelings of fatigue and my propensity for illnesses. My body has simply not been receiving the nutrients and levels that it needs to properly function. By watching these numbers I should be able to increase energy and make sure that my future health is strong. I also need to watch what I consume because my mother has had colon cancer, so the healthier I eat the  chances are less that I will contract that cancer. References Contemporary Nutrition, WileyPLUS ®, iProfile

Discuss the ways in which Poets make use of form and language to :: English Literature

Discuss the ways in which Poets make use of form and language to present their views on love and marriage. In this essay I will be comparing ‘A Woman to her lover’ by Christina Walsh, and ‘Remember’ by Christina Rossetti. These two poems were written in the patriarchal pre twentieth century. I will also be talking about ‘My last Duchess’ by Robert Browning, and ‘How do I love thee?’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. These four poets have different views on marriage and love, they differ in the tone of language they speak in, and what they speak about. The poem ‘ A Woman To Her Lover’ By Christina Walsh is a bold poem; Walsh gets straight to making her points on love and marriage. She wants to be her husband’s friend and partner not his slave ‘That I shall be your comrade, friend and mate’. She starts her first stanza with three rhetorical questions, ‘Do you come to me to bend to your will’ ‘To make me of your bond slave’ ‘To bear you children, wearing out my life’. She seems as if she is having an argument, as she ends the first and second stanza with exclamation marks. She also uses Imagery ‘Do you want to vanquish me?’ it is like a battle is taking place. Walsh repeats ‘ I refuse you’ twice. In a way it seems like Christina Walsh is being a little stubborn, or maybe she is trying to get the point through that, she wants her marriage to be an equal one, not were there is a dominant male does the ordering about, and a little meek female who does what the male says. The poem ‘Remember’ By Christina Rossetti is a petrarchan sonnet, with iambic pentameter. The tone is peaceful and there is a lot of use of metaphors, for example ‘... far into the silent land’. Rossetti uses personal pronouns a lot in this particular poem, she uses the words ‘me’ and ‘you’ a lot in the poem, she doesn’t not use the word ‘dead’ but uses ‘silent land instead because she doesn’t want her husband to feel miserable when she is gone. She also uses imagery to describe their relationship. Rossetti repeats the word ‘Remember’ a great deal in the poem. She is saying to her husband that she doesn’t want him to feel sad when he remembers her when she dies, but she doesn’t want him to forget her either, but if it causes him pain when he remembers her then, she would rather he forget her. Both Rossetti and Walsh are talking to their husbands in their poems Discuss the ways in which Poets make use of form and language to :: English Literature Discuss the ways in which Poets make use of form and language to present their views on love and marriage. In this essay I will be comparing ‘A Woman to her lover’ by Christina Walsh, and ‘Remember’ by Christina Rossetti. These two poems were written in the patriarchal pre twentieth century. I will also be talking about ‘My last Duchess’ by Robert Browning, and ‘How do I love thee?’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. These four poets have different views on marriage and love, they differ in the tone of language they speak in, and what they speak about. The poem ‘ A Woman To Her Lover’ By Christina Walsh is a bold poem; Walsh gets straight to making her points on love and marriage. She wants to be her husband’s friend and partner not his slave ‘That I shall be your comrade, friend and mate’. She starts her first stanza with three rhetorical questions, ‘Do you come to me to bend to your will’ ‘To make me of your bond slave’ ‘To bear you children, wearing out my life’. She seems as if she is having an argument, as she ends the first and second stanza with exclamation marks. She also uses Imagery ‘Do you want to vanquish me?’ it is like a battle is taking place. Walsh repeats ‘ I refuse you’ twice. In a way it seems like Christina Walsh is being a little stubborn, or maybe she is trying to get the point through that, she wants her marriage to be an equal one, not were there is a dominant male does the ordering about, and a little meek female who does what the male says. The poem ‘Remember’ By Christina Rossetti is a petrarchan sonnet, with iambic pentameter. The tone is peaceful and there is a lot of use of metaphors, for example ‘... far into the silent land’. Rossetti uses personal pronouns a lot in this particular poem, she uses the words ‘me’ and ‘you’ a lot in the poem, she doesn’t not use the word ‘dead’ but uses ‘silent land instead because she doesn’t want her husband to feel miserable when she is gone. She also uses imagery to describe their relationship. Rossetti repeats the word ‘Remember’ a great deal in the poem. She is saying to her husband that she doesn’t want him to feel sad when he remembers her when she dies, but she doesn’t want him to forget her either, but if it causes him pain when he remembers her then, she would rather he forget her. Both Rossetti and Walsh are talking to their husbands in their poems

Abortions

Abortion means the loss of a fetus before it is able to live outside the womb of a mother. It is a relatively simple and safe procedure when done by trained medical workers during the first three months of pregnancy. It is less safe when performed after the 13th week of pregnancy. Abortion as a way to end unplanned pregnancy especially those unwed mothers, victims of rape and to younger woman who are not ready to be a motherWhen abortion occurs spontaneously, it is often called a miscarriage. It can be intentionally caused, or induced. Abortion can caused deaths of many women from infection and bleeding. It also can cause sterility, or the permanent inability to have a child..Former abortionist, McArthur Hill, M.D., says, â€Å"I am a murderer. I have taken the lives of innocent babies and I have ripped them from their mother's wombs with a powerful vacuum machine.† â€Å"My heart got callous against the fact that I was a murderer, but that baby lying in a cold bowl educated me to what abortion really was,† ( former abortionist, David Brewer, M.D)Body of the PaperAbortion is rampant nowadays, news from radios and televisions forecasting the recovery of fetus thrown anywhere. Mostly young unwed women get involved in premarital sex then when get pregnant will go on the process of abortion.There are types of Abortion namely;Non-surgical AbortionNon-surgical abortion is commonly called or known as â€Å"abortion by pill.† It is also referred to as medical abortion. It is a non-invasive procedure for terminating a pregnancy. The name of the abortion pill is Mifeprex, and it has also formerly been called mifepristone and RU-486.Surgical AbortionA first trimester surgical abortion, which is measured approximately up to 14 weeks from the first day of the last menstrual period, is completed by a procedure known as dilatation and evacuation. The procedure alone will take approximately 5 minutes, although the visit to the healthcare facility clinic ma y take several hours.Emergency ContraceptionEmergency contraception, more commonly known as the â€Å"morning after pill,† is a contraceptive or birth control method that can prevent pregnancy immediately after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure, but before pregnancy begins.Before in the United States, the supreme court in their 1973 ruling   give rights of every woman to obtain abortion and through that law many abortions were performed legally in unskilled ways, that caused deaths of woman’s through bleeding and infections.The Supreme Court has been responsible for most of the nation’s laws dealing with abortion. Their interpretation of the U.S. Constitution is considered the supreme law of the land.   laws dealing with abortion. The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution grants citizens the right to privacy. This right incorporates the right of a woman to kill her baby through an abortion. The Fourteenth Amendment was in no way rati fied in order to grant women the right to an abortion.The amendment was ratified in 1868 as part of the Reconstruction legislation following the Civil War ruling. â€Å"The Court simply fashions and announces a new constitutional right for pregnant mothers and, with scarcely any reason or authority for its action, invents that right with sufficient substance to override most existing state abortion statutes.† In other words, seven federal justices simply decided that they wanted to make abortion legal and then did it.That law was opposed by many people especially the Roman Catholic Church because they believed that taking of a human life is a grave sin and it is against one of God’s commandments (Thou Shall Not Kill).It resulted to many debates and rallies.Those who are in favor to the legal availability of abortion cite the right of a woman to control their reproduction and they also give judgment that it is also the right of a physicians to perform abortions without fears of criminal charges. Other arguments in favor of abortion  Include population control, the social problems caused by the unwanted children, and the dangers of illegal abortion. There have been many attempts since 1973 to reduce free access to abortions. Laws have been passed by some states and at the federal level to:Require counseling and/or a cooling-off period before an abortion is perform Require an underage woman to notify, or obtain permission, from a parent, guardian or court.ed Ban abortions after viability of the fetus unless required to preserve the woman's life or health.Require an underage woman to notify, or obtain permission, from a parent, guardian or court. Ban abortions after viability of the fetus unless required to preserve the woman's life or health. Ban all abortions. Ban a D&X abortion procedure, except when performed on a dead fetus or to save the life of the woman. In 1989 to 1992, the United States Supreme Court in 5-4 rulings upheld the provisions o f a Missouri Law and a Pennsylvania law restricting abortion. This provisions helps minimize the attempt of abortion nationwide.Conclusion:Therefore I conclude that abortion is killing the life of an innocent fetus inside the womb of a mother. Abortion is done intentionally and unintentionally especially that woman who is not ready to become a mother. Several women now engaged in doing the abortion process especially those who are unwed mothers, students who engaged in drugs, rape victims, and those mothers who have more kids in the family and cant afford to sustain the needs of their children they are not conscious of the consequences in doing that act. Some will put to danger that lead to infections and caused death of many of them. Churches protest the rampant killings of fetusBecause they believed that children’s are special gift from God and they have all the rights to live and enjoy the beauty of the earth created by our creator. Abortion is an illegal act and it should be punishable by law.References:Fettner Ann G. Abortions Retrieved November 14, 2006 from Compton’s Encyclopedia, Volume 1 p.11-12What is Abortion? Retrieved November 14, 2006 from, http://mypeoplepc.com/members/bvpare/alternativestoabortion/id2.htmlMajor laws concerning abortion: U.S. and Canada Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/abo_supr.htm

Personal Responsibility

Personal Responsibility Personal Responsibility The way you perceive Personal Responsibility can be viewed many ways depending on your ethical perspective in life. We all live by a set of ethics that are instilled in us from birth through adulthood. These ethics contribute to our decision making and how we live our lives. In order to practice personal responsibility in higher education, you must first define what it means to you, the relationship between personal responsibility and college success and have a plan to follow. Even though uncontrolled situations can happen, you must take personal responsibility for your actions because it demonstrates work ethic and shows your character. Definition of Personal Responsibility My definition of personal responsibility is being accountable for my actions and the way I say or do things. By accepting accountability for my actions, I must make decisions that are ethically responsible. Every day we are faced with dilemmas and our peers expect us to react according to what is normal in society. These decisions must be based on integrity, honesty and our overall values. Once we reach adulthood, the expectation is we aspire into responsible adults without being coerced. This requires accepting that I chose the direction for my life and realize who I am. Recognizing how my choices affect me and others who depend on my support is a key factor of my decision making process. Understanding there are consequences for my behavior prepares me for accepting responsibility in everything I do. Personal responsibility has been defined as being accountable to oneself and the needs and well-being of others (Ruyter,2000). Doherty (1998) has argued that there is an increasing trend in society to refuse accountability and to blame others for one’s situation. Relationship between Personal Responsibility and College Success The relationship between personal responsibility and college success is the ethical choices I make while pursing higher education. In order to be successful in college, I must take personal responsibility for my actions. Students entering college are expected to demonstrate skills that will lead to success. It takes motivation and sincerity to endeavor the challenges and responsibility associated with continuing your education. According to Colby and Sullivan (2009) there are five key dimensions of personal and social responsibility. â€Å"In Striving for excellence: developing a strong work ethic and consciously doing one’s very best in all aspects of college, cultivating personal and academic integrity: recognizing and acting on a sense of honor, ranging from honesty in relationships to principled engagement with a formal academic honor code. Contributing to a larger community: recognizing and acting on one’s responsibility to the educational community and to the wider society— local, national, and global. Taking seriously the perspectives of others: recognizing and acting on the obligation to inform one’s own judgment; engaging diverse and competing perspectives as a resource for learning, citizenship, and work. Developing competence in ethical and moral reasoning: developing ethical and moral reasoning in ways that incorporate the previous four dimensions, and using such reasoning in learning and in life. (p. 24). As a college student, I must take personal responsibility in making sure I succeed. Since I have set the goal of continuing my education, the duty to myself is success. Preliminary Plan The choices I make on a daily basis can impact my success, therefore I must have a plan. My plan is to stay well engaged in my education by working with my academic counselor, attending class regularly, sta ying involved in class discussions, learning better time management skills and completing assignments on time. According to American Federation of Teachers (2011), â€Å"to further their own success, students must be responsible, among other things, for attending classes and keeping up with their coursework. Students must understand that the minimum time commitment required for success in their courses is generally two hours on top of every classroom hour. Engaging professionals in discussions about students’ coursework and their educational and career goals. It is imperative that students regularly seek out faculty, academic and career counselors outside of class. Periodically taking a hard look at their academic and career goals, the time commitments they undertake and the state of their finances to ensure that they develop a program of study that has a good prospect for success. † (Students). My weakest area is time management. Being a single mother of three children, working full time and managing a household is more than a lot of people could handle. In order to take control of these factors in my life, I have started planning ahead and created a biweekly schedule for the entire family. This schedule helps me keep track of upcoming class projects, my work schedule and my children’s activities. I have found this plan to be effective and proficient in keeping my schedule under control. (Ellis, p. 14, 2011). By planning a week or month at a time, you get a bigger picture of your multiple roles as a student, employee, and family member. With that awareness, you can make conscious adjustments in the number of hours you devote to each domain of activity in your life. For a plan to be effective, you must measure the results for success. To help keep me engaged with my academic goals, I have developed a strategy of keeping in constant contact with my academic advisor. I speak with my advisor about the required courses I need to fulfill and a time based goal for achieving this accomplishment. My classes currently require that I participate four days per week, however I devote more time to the classroom. I have also found that doing more than the required work for a class can give you a better understanding of the material. The schedule that has been created for me and my family is updated and evaluated weekly to ensure we are meeting our objectives. Conclusion In conclusion, although uncontrollable situations can happen, you must take personal responsibility for your actions. There may be classes or assignments I don’t enjoy but I must focus and find my strengths in that area. Sometimes life requires you to accept challenges that were not anticipated but good work ethic will discipline you to accept those responsibilities. The projects may not always be interesting but completing them is a true demonstration of your character. Accepting personal responsibility demonstrates strong work ethic and commitment to college success. Creating a plan to help you strategize practicing personal responsibility shows your commitment to success in college. References Colby, A. , & Sullivan, W. M. (2009, Winter). Strengthening the Foundations of Students' Excellence, Integrity and Social Contributions. Liberal Education, 95(1), 22-39 American Federation of Teachers. (2011). ERIC. Retrieved from http://www. eric. ed. gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet? accno=ED518097 Ellis, D. (2011). Becoming a Master Student (13th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Personal Responsibility There are different aspects involved in personal responsibility. These aspects need to work in harmony in order to have a successful outcome in achieving your goals. They include being accountable, setting priorities and being in control of your domestic obligations. Applying personal responsibility is a vital component of educational success and with that success, a chance for personal growth and increased economic stability occurs. Personal responsibility correlates with college success as it connects to every aspect of life, academic or otherwise.When a student is personally responsible, they demonstrate the ability to manage their time, and to e accountable to their professors, their peers, and most importantly, to themselves. Accountability As humans, we are accountable for all our actions. In terms of college success, being an honest student and having integrity support this. It is a student's moral obligation to uphold to your professors and your peers. The college campus and classroom, as well as all other academic areas, are communities where students not only learn independently and from an instructor, but from each other.In this way, as members of this community, we share with one another. The idea of accountability does not stop at our peers and professors. As students, we make ourselves accountable and responsible for being the best possible version of ourselves. In his commencement speech at Morehouse College, President Obama stated that, â€Å"the spirit of excellence, hard work, and dedication and no excuses,† (Obama, 2013) are requirements for success. This quote perfectly summarizes one of the major tenets of my definition of personal responsibility: living up to the best version of yourself.Proportioning As a student, you have a personal responsibility to complete your assignments, papers and exams. In order to be successful with this, you need to be able to strike a throng balance with how you manage your study time. Everyone has diff erent learning styles, and it would be beneficial to explore your strengths and weaknesses and seek help when needed, e. G. , by Joining study groups or academic workshops to prepare for upcoming exams. Being disciplined, diligent and honest with your approach to your education is your formula for academic success.Being accountable means that you will have to prioritize certain activities over others. Proportioning means deciding which tasks deserve and require most of your energy and attention at a given moment. To master this skill would be a great advantage to anyone, as it aids in time management and helps you achieve your long-term goals. Even the most organized people sometimes risk running out of time before their most important tasks has been completed. In his guide to becoming a successful student, physics Professor Richard Silverman at Western Kennedy University states, â€Å"[successful students] are good time managers.They know that time control is life control and have consciously chosen to be in control of their life. † (Silverman, n. D. Peg. L) According to Proportioning Techniques Save Your Time and Energy (2007), who gives helpful advice on proportioning with the 80/20- rule. It states, â€Å"One key reason proportioning works and works well is the 80/20 rule. The States 80 percent of our typical activities contribute less than 20 percent to the value of our work. Therefore, if you do only the most important 20 percent of your tasks you still get most of the value.Then, if you focus most of your efforts on those top value activities, you achieve much more than before, or you will have more time to spend with your family. † This quote illustrates how proportioning and accountability go hand and hand. Because of organizing time according to the order of importance, your family and friends will now that you prioritize your schoolwork above everything else; they will trust you and know that you are a responsible individual. Control a nd Management of domestic obligations: Paying bills on time and managing your finances is equally as important as managing time.Running a home is a lot like running a business, as the same principles apply. With everything in life, you still need personal gratification and enjoyment in doing it. Many college students of today go to school while taking care of a family. Both of these things might seem like it is impossible to do, but proper management might ease stress, and allow you more time to yourself. This in turn will make you feel accomplished and motivate you to continue to balance out the two areas of your life.In the article Paying for College: A Lifetime Proposition they wrote, â€Å"College is, in fact, a long-term investment returning financial and personal benefits that extend over a lifetime, but our society is ill-prepared, either psychologically or institutionally, to think of paying for college in lifetime terms † (McPherson & Skinner, 1986,Para. 29-36). It s uggests that the realization and understanding that applying arsenal responsibility to protect the investment you make with your education is vital.One way to prepare is to research all resources available whether it is scholarships, federal and state grants or student loans. However, if you intend to apply for a student loan, let it be the last option you choose because after completing your education, you will still have that financial burden and debt to repay. Despite how expensive it can be to pay for school, the results can be very rewarding. The knowledge and experience you receive will be priceless. Coming up with ways to implement these tactics is easier said than done, but here are many resources open to all kinds of students today.If you are having trouble with a class, it will be advisable to ask your instructor for additional help during office hours, or ask fellow classmates to arrange a study group. If it is available to you, tutoring assistance could also be a huge he lp. Avoiding procrastination is a goal for most students, but many fail to fall into its traps. One solution would be to, disable all electronic devices that can potentially distract you from your work, or you can download an extension that can temporarily limit your access to non-academic websites.In conclusion, although the balance between personal responsibility and educational success is established, taking personal responsibility can have a positive impact on college success for two main reasons. Demonstrating personal responsibility will have positive outcomes on how you manage your time as a student. Because you know that as a student you are accountable to your school community, you will take your work more seriously. By learning how to balance your schoolwork crosses over to the other areas of your life, and teaches you how to be expansible in terms of those areas as well. Personal Responsibility Personal Responsibility Essay GEN/200 Month Date, Year Professor Week 5: Personal Responsibility Essay: Final Draft To achieve academic success, students must practice personal responsibility through effective time management and communication. Personal responsibility also can be referred to as Accountability that is defined by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"the quality or state of being accountable; an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one’s actions. † http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/accountability.In my own words, being responsible is the same as being honest with oneself and possessing the honor and integrity to own up to all your decisions and accepting each consequence if one decides whether or not to follow through. Eleanor Roosevelt was quoted for saying; â€Å"In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility. â € Ã‚   http://www. goodreads. com/quotes/tag/personal-responsibility. I agree with Eleanor Roosevelt because I control my own destiny.It is up to me to know the difference between right and wrong and make a wise decision. I know that any decisions I make will come with results. Results that I must maintain a focus mind on no matter what the consequences may be as well as understanding how it could affect the ones around me. A preliminary plan to practice personal responsibility in my education would be time management. I want to concentrate on this area because as a student and in education I need to be able to have a better regiment as far as time management goes.Steinbrook (2006) stated: â€Å"The concept of personal responsibility in health care is that if we follow healthy lifestyles (exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking) and are good patients (keeping our appointments, heeding our physicians’ advice, and using a hospital emergency department only for emergencies), we will be rewarded by feeling better and spending less money. † This article is relevant because it demonstrates how individual behavior incorporating time management with appointments, work outs, specific lifestyles and eating habits can lead to positive results.To stay successful with deadlines and managing time I currently have implemented a to do list by my bed side each night, syllabus with different color highlighters as well as 2 different calendars which could be updated from any of my personal handheld devices. Personal responsibility is essential for clear communication. Most of us unfortunately live our lives in a place of insecurity. If we are not willing to take responsibility for our own insecurities then our communications are not true nor clear. In doing so, we are basically teaching other people to respond to us in an unclear way.Mathias  Dewatripont and Jean  Tirole (2005) stated: â€Å"Finally, in the realm of supervisory decision ma king, a similar observation is that personal responsibility enhances the receiver’s cognitive work. † This article is relevant because it demonstrates the different characteristics communication has pertaining to the sender and the receiver. Keeping in mind that this communication transfer is based on information gathered without the knowledge of knowing if it is true or not. Therefore, I need to focus on proactive listening and taking in all I hear without bias.With taking responsibility for the quality of my thinking I can then put myself in a position of being open, honest and without fear to everyone around me. I know that in implementing this secondary plan I will have created positive new behaviors to my daily life routine to ensure success in my education. In conclusion, although life can sometimes present itself with many different obstacles making it difficult to maintain and achieve set deadlines, personal responsibility is vital in order to maintain college s uccess for two main reasons.First, it teaches you communication and being on time. But most importantly, it shows dedication and determination while being responsible for one’s own actions and behaviors. References: Steinbrook, R. (2006, August). Imposing Personal Responsibility for Health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355(8), 753-6 doi:10. 1056/NEJMp068141 Dewattripont, M. , and Triole, J. (2005,December). Modes of Communication. The Journal of Political Economy, 113(6), 1217 – 1238. doi:10. 1086/497999 Personal Responsibility Personal Responsibility Essay GEN/200 Month Date, Year Professor Week 5: Personal Responsibility Essay: Final Draft To achieve academic success, students must practice personal responsibility through effective time management and communication. Personal responsibility also can be referred to as Accountability that is defined by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"the quality or state of being accountable; an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one’s actions. † http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/accountability.In my own words, being responsible is the same as being honest with oneself and possessing the honor and integrity to own up to all your decisions and accepting each consequence if one decides whether or not to follow through. Eleanor Roosevelt was quoted for saying; â€Å"In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility. â € Ã‚   http://www. goodreads. com/quotes/tag/personal-responsibility. I agree with Eleanor Roosevelt because I control my own destiny.It is up to me to know the difference between right and wrong and make a wise decision. I know that any decisions I make will come with results. Results that I must maintain a focus mind on no matter what the consequences may be as well as understanding how it could affect the ones around me. A preliminary plan to practice personal responsibility in my education would be time management. I want to concentrate on this area because as a student and in education I need to be able to have a better regiment as far as time management goes.Steinbrook (2006) stated: â€Å"The concept of personal responsibility in health care is that if we follow healthy lifestyles (exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking) and are good patients (keeping our appointments, heeding our physicians’ advice, and using a hospital emergency department only for emergencies), we will be rewarded by feeling better and spending less money. † This article is relevant because it demonstrates how individual behavior incorporating time management with appointments, work outs, specific lifestyles and eating habits can lead to positive results.To stay successful with deadlines and managing time I currently have implemented a to do list by my bed side each night, syllabus with different color highlighters as well as 2 different calendars which could be updated from any of my personal handheld devices. Personal responsibility is essential for clear communication. Most of us unfortunately live our lives in a place of insecurity. If we are not willing to take responsibility for our own insecurities then our communications are not true nor clear. In doing so, we are basically teaching other people to respond to us in an unclear way.Mathias  Dewatripont and Jean  Tirole (2005) stated: â€Å"Finally, in the realm of supervisory decision ma king, a similar observation is that personal responsibility enhances the receiver’s cognitive work. † This article is relevant because it demonstrates the different characteristics communication has pertaining to the sender and the receiver. Keeping in mind that this communication transfer is based on information gathered without the knowledge of knowing if it is true or not. Therefore, I need to focus on proactive listening and taking in all I hear without bias.With taking responsibility for the quality of my thinking I can then put myself in a position of being open, honest and without fear to everyone around me. I know that in implementing this secondary plan I will have created positive new behaviors to my daily life routine to ensure success in my education. In conclusion, although life can sometimes present itself with many different obstacles making it difficult to maintain and achieve set deadlines, personal responsibility is vital in order to maintain college s uccess for two main reasons.First, it teaches you communication and being on time. But most importantly, it shows dedication and determination while being responsible for one’s own actions and behaviors. References: Steinbrook, R. (2006, August). Imposing Personal Responsibility for Health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355(8), 753-6 doi:10. 1056/NEJMp068141 Dewattripont, M. , and Triole, J. (2005,December). Modes of Communication. The Journal of Political Economy, 113(6), 1217 – 1238. doi:10. 1086/497999

The Functions Management

The Functions Management Management is process of working with resources to attain goals and objectives of an organization. This can only be achieved through working with human resource, and proper planning and good supervision of all the processes involved. The organizational processes include marketing, transportation, accounts, manufacture of goods and delivery. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Functions Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this paper focuses on the four functions of management, which are: planning, leading, organizing, and controlling. They are important in any type of organization including manufacturing, distribution, and service organizations. However, the following paragraphs define the functions of management in relation to manufacturing organizations. Planning is a function in management which means thinking ahead about the future of the organization and actions to be taken. It is an organizat ion of activities tasks to be performed, and it determines who is to do a certain task, how the task should be done, and where it should be done. Planning reflects on human resources and physical resources to get valuable contribution, control, and the right regulation. It is the best function because when proper plans are laid down it enables others to carry out managerial functions perfectly to achieve the set goals (Bateman Snell, 2009, p.19). In planning, there should be creation of objectives such as goals and also the formation of planning grounds. Since manufacturing organizations deal with procedural standards of creating products, planning enables employees not to turn away from the set goals and hence, they follow each step in a systematic manner. The courses of actions should be laid down, which entails the advantages, disadvantages, and the consequences. Witzel (2008, p.96) affirms that secondary plans should be reflected on. These are the subordinate plans that suppo rt the main plan which includes the budgets, timetables, and processes which helps with the program of manufacturing of goods. Cooperation of implementation of these plans should be assured by involving the employees together with the management in the planning process. Lastly, there should be a follow-up of the plans implemented. The second management function that follows planning is organizing. In this function, authority and responsibility is defined and harmonization of human resource, monetary resource, and material resource gets into action. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tasks which are to be performed, such as stock control, keeping records, and putting accounts in order are recognized. For instance, manufactures of physical products such as cars must exercise stock control to avoid fluctuations in demand. Likewise, sorting out the organization activiti es into small groups or dividing a large department into small departments with similar tasks is important in a manufacturing organization. Consequently, when the departments have been set, it is the role of the manager to delegate authority to people. Managerial positions are arranged into a hierarchy, for example, from top management, middle management, and lower management (Bateman and Snell, 2009, p.20). This brings a smooth flow of processes without duplication, wastage of money, time, and efforts. Relations are set up and each group knows whom to report to, and whom to take orders from. Third, leading entails persuading people to work hard in their line of duty. It includes mobilizing people and communicating with workers, individually or in teams. Managers in manufacturing organizations teach, direct and watch over how the employees carry out their given tasks to achieve the set objectives and goals. This is where the manager supervises each individual’s performance a nd sees into it that the tasks are performed well. Inactive individuals are identified and actions are taken such as replacement because supervising human beings is difficult. Motivation and communication are essential in this stage because individuals are able to give their opinions and experiences (Bateman Snell, 2009, p.20). Finally, controlling is the management function of overseeing work procedures and making necessary modifications. The executives confirm whether the processes are in agreement with the set goals. If they find any deviation from the set plans, they take the best actions (Bateman Snell, 2009, p.19). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Functions Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a manufacturing company, the actual performance of any process is compared with the normal performance and this is done by managers in all levels. Controlling and planning are interrelated because manage rs cannot plan without controlling and vice versa. Usually, planning is important in the manufacturing of goods because processes are examined to ensure fulfillment and consistency of goods. Control examines the quality of goods and processes because changes in processes affects the quality of goods. There has to be enough labour force to carry out procedures, especially when goods are on high demand and the tasks performed by the employees are examined. Deviations to procedures are examined by the managers with proper organization which entails delegation of tasks and responsibilities in manufacture of goods (Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 2006). In conclusion, management functions create a good working environment for employees and cooperation within the workforce. Job positions and functions performed by each are made clear. A manager can make free decisions such as adoption of new processes; this brings about flexibility in an organization and proper and effective ways of the producti on of goods. Therefore, manufacturing organizations depend on the four functions of management to make high quality products. References Bateman, T.S Snell, S.A. (2009). Management: Leading and Collaborating in the Competitive World (8th ed.). New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Mejia, L. G., Balkin, D. B. Cardy L. R. (2006). Management: People, Performance, Change. New York: McGraw-Hill.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Witzel, M. (2003). Fifty Key Figures in Management. California: Routledge.

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald Research Paper

The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald - Research Paper Example The notion of disillusionment is a characteristic of his life, but not in such a pronounced way as Gatsby or even his friend, Tom, and indeed, most of the major characters of the novel. Nick is from the US Midwest, but travels to New York in order to learn the bond business.[Fitzgerald 8]. It is worth noting that his profession is in many ways the very back-drop to the roaring twenties. It was the era of extreme prosperity brought about by healthy stock-market which would eventually crash and in turn, be a main catalyst and cause for the Great Depression. Nick moves into a Long Island community known as West Egg where his next door neighbor is Jay Gatsby – the main protagonist of the novel and of course, the source for the title of the work. The theme of disillusionment is typified in the character of Nick on a number of levels. First, his pursuing a life in the 'East' is the most general area that defines most of the action of the novel, but is proclaimed in the end as a mist ake: â€Å"After Gatsby's death the East was haunted for me like that, distorted beyond my eyes' power of correction. So when the blue smoke of brittle leaves was in the air and the wind blew the wet laundry stiff on the line I decided to come back home.† [Fitzgerald 140]. As narrator, the story is seen mostly through Nick's eyes. So, he is the figure who interprets for the reader, the decadence of Gatsby's life, the shallowness of the characters – such as the affair that Daisy carries on with Gatsby and the affair that her husband carries on with Myrtle, and finally, the conflicts most of the characters have over their pursuit of wealth and the emptiness of its acquisition. The emptiness of acquiring wealth and status is unquestionably one of the constant themes of the book. In many respects, it is embodied in the figure of Daisy Nick's cousin and her husband Tom: â€Å"They were careless people, Tom and Daisy--they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money of their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made† [Fitzgerald 142]. One of the core plots of the work concerns Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy. Initially he had met her when he was a young soldier in Louisville before going to Europe to War. While she promised to wait for him, she wound up marrying Tom because of his wealth and because her family approved of the relationship. In other words, she gave up a relationship built on passion for a life of security – however much she carries a lot of disdain for her husband, Tom. Gatsby's life is probably the most disillusioned compared with all of the characters. Gatsby is from a poor family, and when he met Daisy as a young soldier, he lied to her about it because of the shame and also the insecurity of feeling that she would not like him if he didn't have that type of foundation. In a sense, he was right about the latter part given th at Daisy does decide to marry Tom because of the security element. Gatsby goes to extreme lengths in order to reverse his fortunes. And, this involves both legitimate but also illegitimate business interests. He is involved with organized crime which is something that reflects the era of prohibition, but also, something that reflects the extremes that he is willing to go to in order to obtain Daisy. This is not a line that Nick crosses for approximately the same goal. The disillusionment of his pursuit is articulated in the following: â€Å"

MGT499 - Strategic Management Mod 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT499 - Strategic Management Mod 4 SLP - Essay Example nd the overall Starbucks experience warrants an analysis of how well the company manages its internal strengths and weaknesses by optimizing its core competencies and developing its weaknesses that will allow it to achieve its company mission and objectives. One of the biggest strengths of the company lies in the dedicated and exceptionally skilled workforce who is well trained. Company strategy has always been to reward excellence of employees and Starbucks is today among the best companies to work for as per Fortune 500 ratings and Financial Times ratings. With attractive fringe benefits, stock option plans and high wages and salary scales, the Starbucks refers to its employees as partners, promoting commitment and loyalty and this is one of the key resources of the company which is hard to imitate due to â€Å"social complexity† involved ( Barney 1991). The company utilizes this strength in many ways. It has used the service staff’s skills in customer care and overall enthusiasm to create an in store atmosphere that is cozy, friendly and home like that they have branded it as the â€Å"third place† in life. The regular customers are called by name and the Baristas of Starbucks outlets remember their usual drinks. Such customization has been at the cornerstone of Starbucks success. Another internal strength is the Starbucks special SWOT team specializing on stores opening. They have an excellent track record of location scouting and opening new outlets in cost effective and speedy fashion. This strength has allowed the company to make right location decisions and the use of in-house design and fabrication teams has allowed Starbucks to cut costs in outlet openings and also maintain the unique Starbucks ambiance in line with company expectations. Optimization of this strength has allowed the company to drive its expansion plans aggressively. Financial strength and low costs is strength. This is achieved through large scale roasting and milling facilities,

Strategic Situation Analysis of ARM Holdings Coursework

Strategic Situation Analysis of ARM Holdings - Coursework Example Instead of their own cost associated manufacturing of semiconductor business, they licence their own designed technology to other semiconductor manufacturers across the world and they utilise the designs to make innovative low energy chips for modern hi-tech electronic devices (ARM Ltd, 2012). This business report contains an in-depth analysis of some important areas like the current strategic situation of ARM Holdings which includes analysis of the industry or sector which has the key findings of current scenario, opportunities, challenges, future growth etc. Analysis of the organization’s current business strategies like SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, market positioning, product differentiation etc; critical appraisal of these strategies which results the key findings of the important business characteristics like sustainability, competitive advantages and extent of outcome of these strategies with respect current industry scenario will also be discussed in this report. Industry or Business Environment Analysis Companies in the microprocessor industry make hi-tech chips which are the core or heart of many digital electronic products which include but are not limited to computers, mobile phones, calculators, digital cameras, video game consolers and PDAs. First microprocessor which was invented for commercial use was Intel 4004 (Roony, 2012). Some of the top blue chip companies can be found in this industry and they have been continuously producing innovative chips which have brought remarkable results in today’s advanced digital electronics world. ... Effective implementation of extended business model ARM can is innovating additional types of advanced technology, generating strong royalties to the brand from a single multipurpose hi-tech microprocessor. The company’s financial policies and objectives can balance the essential need for continuous investment inflow to generate long term sustainable growth for the company. The value to per consumer is increasing day by day with the spread of digital embedded of devices across the world.

Case Study #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case Study #4 - Essay Example This again will give me an edge in successfully counsel them as not only will they be more comfortable with me, they will also be able to confide more personal details and important events of their current lives which they normally would not have done so. Now there is a single case in these 12 cases which is proving to be harder to manage. The boy's name is Ray. He was doing well enough till the time came when he started not coming for counseling sessions. On digging deeper into the matter, it was found out that he has started hanging with company which will only worsen his situation of academic hardship. The reason which his mates have given for this behavior is that he is made fun of in school. While the rest of the group of my ''breakfast club'' is doing well enough, I will continue on track with them. But, for Ray, I will have to make an extra effort if a really want to help in making the boy's future successful. The best option I have at the particular moment is to make Ray more comfortable with talking and approaching me with his problems. To do this, I will have to call him for my counseling sessions regularly because, as stated previously, "breakfast clubs" help in unwinding the child and also help in making that atmosphere a little less academic and a bit friendlier. This will give me the required time and place to start my counseling while he is most comfortable with his surroundings. The best theory to

Case Study Of A Functional Health Pattern Assessment Nursing Essay

Case Study Of A Functional Health Pattern Assessment Nursing Essay The following Functional Health Pattern assessment is based on a 65 year old Scottish woman who lives independently with her husband in their home at Happy Valley. The purpose of the interview was explained in addition to an outline of the types of questions which would be asked during the interview. A copy of the interview questions were provided prior to the interview (Appendix 1) so the questions would be familiar, and to minimise any embarrassment. The importance of maintaining her privacy and the necessity of choosing a pseudonym was discussed which she perceived as great fun. She chose Patricia as she thought it was rather a posh sounding name and one which she had always liked. At the beginning of the interview the confidentiality aspects were reiterated to which Patricia indicated verbal permission for her information to be disclosed as applicable and appropriate with due regard to her ethical and legal rights (ANMC 2008, p.4). Patricia was advised any questions which she did not feel happy answering could be skipped in order for her to feel comfortable within the interview environment. That said however, Patricia stated she was happy to discuss anything and was keen to progress the interview. Health perception/health management pattern An outline of the clients perceived pattern of health and wellbeing and how health is managed (Gordon 1994) Patricia perceives her health to be reasonably good, not 100%, but fairly good for her age. She stated she has always strived to live a healthy lifestyle and believes that her employment as a Diversional Therapist within an Aged Care facility keeps her young and fit as she walks around the facility countless times throughout the day attending to residents lifestyle needs. Patricia presents as a much younger person than her biological age and attributes this to working fulltime and walking somewhere in the vicinity of approximately 3 kilometres per day 5 days a week. The risks of developing cardiovascular disease are greatly decreased by regular exercises such as walking and aerobic activity in addition to increasing the benefits of physiological and psychological wellbeing (Crisp and Taylor 2005, p.920). Although Patricia takes medication for the management of Hypertension (High Blood Pressure), diagnosed in 2009, she feels that it is well controlled and does not impact on her ability to perform her role at work, undertake housework or participate is recreational activities with her family on weekends. When not controlled, Hypertension puts strain on the heart, damages blood vessels in the kidneys and damages the retina, resulting in a loss of vision (Herlihy 2007, p.331). As Patricia already suffers vision problems it is imperative her Hypertension is regularly monitored. Patricia regularly attends her doctor and believes it is important to adhere to any recommendation or treatment administered by the doctor. She advised she would be too scared not to do so in case something bad happened to her so she complies implicitly. Although Patricia would like to have private health insurance she feels that it is too expensive. She is satisfied with the Medicare system and believes it meets her needs adequately. The necessity of installing aids or changing any aspect of her home to increase safety or prevent accidents has not been necessary. She believes she has not come to this stage of life just yet and feels confident in her ability to manage her household as is. Nutritional metabolic pattern An outline of the clients pattern of food/fluid intake relative to metabolic need and nutrient supply (Gordon 1994) During a 24 hour period Patricia usually consumes three main meals and rarely has snacks during the day when working. She believes her job influences her eating pattern during the week as she only has a 30 minute lunch break which leaves little time for large or extended meals. In the 24 hours prior to the interview Patricia consumed cereal, herbal tea, water, yoghurt, orange juice, fruit, vegetables and muffins. During the week she feels her diet to be balanced and more than adequate. Patricia is a Vegetarian based on her religious beliefs, she has no food allergies but does modify her diet regularly based on her body image and weight fluctuations. Research suggests people who potentially suffer from a binge-eating disorder have a history of weight fluctuations and obesity (Edlin et al. 1997). On the weekend when she spends a lot of time with her family and grand children she admits she consumes more snacks, fast food and foods considered to be empty of nutritional value such as potato chips, lollies, ice cream and soft drink, particularly when in company with her grandsons. Patricia laughingly classes herself as a weekend social eater. In a recent article (Abedin 2009) indicated, adults tend to eat more when they are around friends and family than when eating with strangers. Tooth decay is primarily caused by circulatory changes, poor dietary habits and poor mouth or dental hygiene (Murray Zentner 1989, p.470) and as a result Patricia has top dentures although they do not inhibit her ability to eat nor restrict the types of food choices available to her. There have been no significant changes to her diet as she has aged due to the vegetarian menu she eats for her main meals, however she stressed that she does overeat rubbish food with her grandchildren. However, when questioned if this overeating has primarily occurred since becoming a Grandmother she sheepishly admitted it was probably a lifelong habit. Sometimes she has noticed significantly lower energy levels particularly in the afternoon but Patricia believes this to be based on the expectations of her job and possibly age rather than indications her nutritional intake is a contributing factor. When queried if her Iron and Vitamin intake were sufficient based on the fact she doesnt eat red meat Patricia stated she didnt think it caused her a problem, nor had her Doctor ever mentioned any need for additional supplements. Research has shown (Hunt 2003) people on a vegetarian diet get all the iron they need by eating iron rich foods, including legumes, green leafy vegetables and fortified breads/cereals although iron will be less available for absorption than in diets which include meat. Hunt (2003) suggests, vegetarians should consider consuming vitamin C, or citrus fruits to improve absorption ratios in order to balance out nutritional requirements. No issues were identified in terms of hair loss, increased facial hair growth, skin disorders or nail growth. Patricia maintains a regular skin regime to promote health, elasticity and prevent wrinkles. Her skin appears well hydrated. Patricias hair and nails were similarly maintained. Elimination pattern An outline of the clients pattern of excretory function in relation to the bowel and bladder (Gordon 1994) When reflecting on her voiding pattern Patricia stated she voided approximately three times per day dependent on her daily schedule and her fluid intake, and about the same amount at home in the evening. Patricia experiences no problems with bowel elimination and has never utilised suppositories, supplements or other medication for either constipation or diarrhoea. She uses her bowels twice a day and believes the amount of fruit and vegetables consumed within her diet coupled with her fibre based cereal every morning sufficiently meets her needs. Alteration in elimination patterns can sometimes indicate signs or symptoms of issues within the gastrointestinal system (Crisp and Taylor 2005, p. 1325), but this does not appear to be applicable in Patricias case. Activity exercise pattern An outline of the clients pattern of exercise, and physical activity (Gordon 1994) Exercise which keeps the heart pumping and working steadily for about 20 minutes per day improves fitness, reduces the risks of heart disease, obesity and maintains mobility (Peterson 2004, p.625). As discussed in the health perception/health management pattern Patricia walks reasonable distances during the day at her place of employment. In addition to the walking she conducts gentle Exercise Classes for the residents at the Aged Care facility twice a week. She feels she has sufficient energy to participate in, and conduct, these classes and they form the basis of her regular exercise pattern. Sleep/rest pattern An outline of the clients pattern of sleep, rest and relaxation (Gordon 1994) Patricia says she thoroughly enjoys sleeping and will generally achieve 8-9 hours per night which she thinks provides her with ample rest and recuperation from her daily activities. According to Crisp and Taylor (2005), the amount and quality of sleep decreases in the older adult, however Patricia has neither noticed nor experienced any significant change to her sleep pattern in many years. When Patricia was approximately 10 years old she used to sleep-walk but has since outgrown this problem. She states she awakens at 0300 every morning regular as clockwork to go to the bathroom but experiences little difficulty returning to sleep. Cognitive/Perception pattern An outline of the clients cognitive and sensory perceptual patterns (Gordon 1994) The average brain shrinks approximately 5-10% in weight between the ages of 20 and 90 resulting in a decrease in working memory, however, the brain can adapt and grow new cells, but this is dependant on physical activity, stimulation and learning (Santrock 2006). Patricia believes the constant mental and physical stimulation of her job keeps her brain active as evidenced by the successful completion of recent study. She is a keen crossword puzzler and novel reader which she feels supports her cognitive functions. Of the five sensors the most significant change has been to Patricias vision as she has aged. Patricia wears glasses for reading, computer work and magnification for everyday activities. She has her vision tested every three years and upgrades her eyewear as recommended by the Optometrist. Patricia has not noticed any change in her ability to smell, hear, or touch but admits to a taste change over the years from sweet to savoury flavours. Self perception/self concept pattern An outline of the clients self concept and perceptions of self in relation to body image, self worth and feeling states (Gordon 1994) Of the most interest and focus, and highlighted throughout this assessment, was Patricias image of herself. Although she states she is reasonably satisfied with her current status in life and what she has achieved for herself and her family, her perception of how she looks demonstrates issues around physical dissatisfaction, possible low self esteem and a lack of confidence in social situations. Erikson (1965) theorises maintaining a positive self image and feelings of self worth is essential in order to achieve a successful transition to old age despite changing abilities and limitations. She clearly states she doesnt feel old at 65 years however she believes her weight issues affect her ability to feel confident when she pursues recreational and social activities. Physical ideals and social stigma value a thin body, which society symbolises as peoples ability to discipline their appetite and restrain themselves from overeating (Germov 2005). Patricia states when she is at work and performing tasks which she perceives are within her capabilities she feels competent and happy within herself. It is only when she is required to enter the social arena she is faced with unhappiness and dilemma about her body image. Those who are overweight are subject to stigmatism for being different and falling outside of the social norm (Germov 2005). On occasion she will refuse to go out with friends or feels upset about her selection of clothing and fit, negatively believing she will be an embarrassment to friends and family due to her size. When she does socialize outside of her immediate family circle she tends to sit quietly and not draw attention to herself especially if the social event has a number of well dressed and slim women in attendance, and particularly if she sees them as being of a similar age bracket to herself. A thin body is viewed by society as the essence of beauty, sexual attractiveness, social status, health and occasionally moral worth (Germov Williams 2004). In recent years Patricia states although she does not perceive herself as being either old or tired she admits to using her age as an excuse to decline invitations to attend social functions based purely on the fact that she is not comfortable with her body image. Although she is eligible for a Seniors Card, which is based on age, Patricia refuses to apply for it stating adamantly that she is not old and does not like the connotations that ownership of such a card implies. She says she does not class herself as a Senior and therefore a Seniors Card is not required. When the possible benefits of the Card were discussed her prompt response was a definite, no thankyou, maybe when Im 80. Role/relationship pattern An outline of the clients pattern of relationships and role engagement (Gordon 1994) Patricia is a mother, grandmother, aunt, wife, sister, friend, employee and work colleague. She views her primary roles at this stage of her life as being a wife, grandmother and employee. She enjoys close relationships with her three daughters. Since the recent death of her only sister, her husband, children and two nieces are the only remaining family in Australia as her parents are deceased. She has no contact with distant relatives in Scotland. Patricia has a select group of friends but feels as a result of her work commitments during the week, coupled with family commitments, she has little spare time to socialise with friends. She does not belong to any social groups and mentioned that she thought social groups were a waste of her time. Murray and Zentner (1989) state some factors may inhibit older people from pursuing recreational activities based on a perceived poor usage of time, conditioning to appear busy, fears about the future and the lack of previous opportunities to pursue a hobby or new interest. Sexuality pattern An outline of the clients reproductive and sexuality pattern (Gordon 1994) At the age of 16 years old Patricia began menstruating. Patricia experienced no difficulty during her three pregnancies and has never suffered a miscarriage. Since she began menopause at the age of 45 years Patricia has experienced minimal interest in being sexually active and cites a definite loss of libido however she did indicate her sexual needs were abundantly met. Eden (2002, p.53) argues womens sexual desires fluctuate over the years with highs and lows, commonly coinciding with major life changes such as menopause. Patricia says she has a tilted uterus which causes her no problems, pain or issues during sexual intercourse. The uterus normally lies in an anteverted position with statistics showing approximately 20% of women have a retroverted or tilted uterus without experiencing any problems during their life (Andrews 2005). She experiences no embarrassment when openly discussing issues of a sexual nature, nor did she find it difficult to talk about sex education with her daughters. Patricia believes due to it being a taboo subject with her parents when growing up it has influenced her to be very open with her own children. A good health maintenance plan includes regular health screenings, including Pap Smears, self breast examination and mammograms (Leifer Harrison 2004, p.215). Patricia states she consciously adheres to preventative health measures. Coping/stress pattern An outline of the clients general stress tolerance and coping mechanisms pattern (Gordon 1994) The stress Patricia feels when she is at work relates to her supervisor who Patricia states is not as supportive as she would like. She does however have other colleagues at work with whom she can debrief as required. She cites her husband as being her primary support and states they have always talked through as a family any issues which may impact on her coping mechanisms. A recent significant stressful event was the marriage and untimely death of her only sister whilst on honeymoon and the subsequent fight over her sisters Last Will and Testament which occurred between the new husband and her nieces. Again her husband and daughters were her primary means of support during this time although she did consider accessing professional counselling. Being aware of what causes stress, how you react and having a network of support are all strategies which can help you to manage and control stressful events (Andrews 2005, p.59). Patricia feels she has accepted the outcomes from this event and moved forward. Patricia does not drink alcohol, use medication or take drugs to relieve stress but will comfort eat and compensate with food on occasion resulting in weight gain and subsequently poor body image and what she terms mild undiagnosed depression which she says never lasts for very long. Value/belief pattern An outline of the clients pattern of values, spiritual beliefs and goals determining choices or decisions (Gordon 1994) An individuals sense of spirituality can be influenced by culture, life experiences and religious beliefs (Brush 2000). Patricia is a practicing Mormon and spiritual person. Her family and faith have always been the most important part of her life. She has been married to her husband for 42 years and values her relationship with him. Recent goals have included completing a TAFE Course at age 63 years and resettling into a newly purchased home which she feels have all been guided by her faith and spiritual beliefs. She believes she has enjoyed a rewarding life and has always been a big, happy, bubbly person. As indicated in previous patterns Patricias body image pervades all patterns of her life suggesting a lowered perception of self. Conclusion Patricia presented as a reasonably healthy woman for her age. She is active and mobile, she feels healthy, her skin, hair and nails look nourished, and her living environment is clean, well maintained and comfortable. Patricia is aware of the need to maintain her health and undertakes preventative measures in order to continue her good health record. The diagnosed hypertension she experiences is appropriately monitored and medication is religiously taken and reviewed regularly. Similarly her need for glasses to assist with vision is regularly checked with her eyewear strength updated as required. She has excellent support, and gains spiritual strength, from her husband, family, friends and religious beliefs. She enjoys positive relationships with many of her work colleagues and has sourced alternative mechanisms for debriefing when work becomes stressful. The benefits of Patricias continued working lifestyle assists in her remaining physically and mentally active, slows her aging decline, provides a social aspect which she enjoys, and allows her the financial means to ensure a comfortable lifestyle. Although Patricia carries an excess amount of weight primarily at her thighs, hips and buttocks, this does not appear to detract from her general feeling of physical wellbeing although her body image and perception of herself were highlighted negatively in more than one pattern. Interestingly, when discussing her self concept pattern Patricia displayed a number of behaviours suggestive of altered self concept, i.e. avoidance of eye contact during such discussion, putting herself down, and being overly critical of her appearance (Crisp and Taylor 2005, p.500). However, Patricia believes she recognises when she needs to diet or make efforts to reduce her calorie intake and assume more restrained eating habits. Patricia states she felt comfortable throughout the interview and believes the assessment process effectively established, maintained and concluded interpersonal communication openly, and in a friendly and supportive manner (ANMC 2008). Overall Patricia felt the questions allowed her to positively reflect on her health and wellbeing status (Puentes 2002) thus, reinforcing her belief that she is aging well and maintaining her lifespan appropriately.