Literature Review Resources Annotation

Question: Depict about the Literature Review Resources: Annotation? Answer: RES-811 Literature Review Resources Number Article Information Added to RefWorks? (Y or N) 1. Doherty, L. (2004). Work㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ life balance activities: suggestions for ladies. Representative Relations, 26(4), pp.433-452. https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/01425450410544524 Explanation: this bit of work manages how the correct work life equalization of the ladies prompted the compelling administration of their lives. It reflect to the hindrances looked by the ladies because of the weight from the administrative jobs 2. Emslie, C. also, Hunt, K. (2009). Live to Work or Work to Live? A Qualitative Study of Gender and Work-life Balance among Men and Women in Mid-life. Sexual orientation, Work Organization, 16(1), pp.151-172. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00434.x/theoretical Comment: this article centers around the way that there is a distinction among people and how they see and attempt to adjust their work and lives. It was found in the examination that the sex stays installed. 3. Gangwisch, J. (2014). Work-life Balance. Rest. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4098799/ Explanation: Adequate prevalence work is basic for singular salary and to achieve human necessities, for example, making sure about societal position, forming individual character, and giving game plan and motivation to every day life. 4. Parkes, L. also, Langford, P. (2008). Work-Life Balance or Work-Life Alignment? A trial of the significance of work-life balance for representative commitment and goal to remain in associations. J Man Org, 14(3), pp.267-284. https://www.apaexcellence.org/assets/examine/detail/1892 Explanation: this article centers around the way that there are a few variables which prompted the representative commitment and the work life balance was the least identified with the worker commitment. 5. Resurreccion, P. also, Philippines, I. (2012). Enterprising Competencies and Work Life Balance of Rural Women Entrepreneurs: Evidence from the Philippines. JSR, 3(2). https://www.macrothink.org/diary/index.php/jsr/article/see/2648 Comment: as an ever increasing number of ladies were entering the innovative endeavors, it was discovered that the ladies oversaw time to adjust their work just as life. 6. Warren, T., Fox, E. what's more, Pascall, G. (2009). Creative Social Policies: Implications for Work-life Balance among Low-pursued Women in England. Sexual orientation, Work Organization, 16(1), pp.126-150. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0432.2008.00433.x/dynamic Explanation: it was seen that to deal with the youngsters the moms generally worked part times and amassed to less salary in the family contrasted with the dads. It was likewise said that the dad additionally need to satisfy the standard of dealing with the kid and along these lines both the guardians can have a decent existence. 7. YAMASHITA, H. (2010). Peacekeeping participation between the United Nations and local associations. Fire up. Int. Stud., 38(01), pp.165-186. https://journals.cambridge.org/activity/displayAbstract?fromPage=onlineaid=8474433fileId=S0260210510001221 Explanation: The article says that there is expanded advancement in standardizing worldwide provincial coordinated effort in harmony keeping, thus far overseeing such joint effort later on require an away from of the duty of the UN in the globalization of harmony keeping. 8. Abendroth, A. also, nook Dulk, L. (2011). Backing for the work-life balance in Europe: the effect of state, working environment and family support on work-life balance fulfillment. Work, Employment Society, 25(2), pp.234-256. https://wes.sagepub.com/content/25/2/234.abstract Explanation: this article shows that the laborer needs the help from their family so as to adjust the work and the life. Increasingly over the pertinence of state, enthusiastic and instrumental workplacealso assumes a significant job. 9. Aquinas, D. furthermore, Mendonca, D. (2012). Vocation Dynamics: Matching Individual and Organizational Needs A Conceptual Analysis of Work-Life Balance of (Women) Employees. Worldwide Journal For Research Analysis, 3(5), pp.130-131. https://theglobaljournals.com/gra/articles.php?val=MTgwOA==b1=197k=50 Explanation: it is seen that the ladies are considered liable for the smooth administration of the family independent of their activity obligation, however both are similarly significant. 10. NANDHINI.A, N. what's more, VINOLIN.T, V. (2011). Work Life Balance - Can Women be Both Sharers and Careers?. IJAR, 4(4), pp.39-40. https://www.theglobaljournals.com/ijar/file.php?val=April_2014_1397195258_9479c_227.pdf Explanation: the work life balance is an individual exertion and it needs a control and coordination in the working environment. It is seen that when the individuals are commonly profited by both work and family they are profited.

Idioms and Expressions With Money

Colloquialisms and Expressions With Money The accompanying colloquialisms and articulations with the thing cash are less formal than collocations utilized with cash. Nonetheless, they are basic in regular discussion. Every figure of speech or articulation has a definition and two model sentences to help comprehension of these normal informal articulations with cash. Shade of Someone's Money Definition: the measure of cash somebody has accessible Show me the shade of your cash and afterward we can talk.If we knew the shade of the companys cash we could improve an offer on the arrangement. Pain free income Definition: cash that can be earned with little exertion A few people believe that playing stocks is simple money.Unfortunately, there are not many employments are really pain free income. Front Money Definition: cash paid ahead of time of accepting something Sick need to provide $100,000 front cash to get in on the deal.Always be dubious of organizations that request front cash. Overwhelming Money Definition: a great deal of cash Tom will carry substantial cash into the organization on the off chance that he consents to invest.They have overwhelming cash. Im sure theyll purchase the house. Quiet Money Definition: cash paid to somebody so they dont give data Numerous individuals are paid quiet cash to not affirm in court. Its unlawful, yet it happens.The posse attempted to take care of the man with quiet cash, yet he was having none of it. Frantic Money Definition: cash used to have a great time, cash to squander Weve set aside two or three thousand dollars in frantic cash for our next vacation.Dont go to Las Vegas without some distraught cash. Cash From Home Definition: effortlessly picked up cash Diminish thinks putting resources into stocks is cash from home.Shes searching for a vocation that is cash from home. Good karma! Penny pincher Definition: somebody who doesn't prefer to go through cash, a parsimonious individual Shell never give you cash for your thought. Shes a cash grubber.Money grubbers cannot take it with them. I have no clue why they pay attention to it so. I state simple come, simple go. Cash Talks Definition: cash has impact in a circumstance Obviously, they let the enormous box store work around. Always remember: Money talks.Just recall cash talks. In the event that they truly need you for the position, theyll satisfy your pay needs. On the Money Definition: right, precise Id state you are on target about that situation.His surmise that the organization would succeed was on target. Set some things in motion! Definition: lets have a wagered about something Please, in the event that you believe that is valid, gotten the ball rolling! Poorly wager you 100 to 1 that it isnt true.She put her cash where her mouth was and made a fortune. Keen Money Definition: the best choice, cash of keen individuals putting resources into something The keen cash is on Congress changing the law.He thinks the savvy cash will put resources into sustainable power source. Delicate Money Definition: cash which can be earned absent a lot of exertion Accept the position for a couple of months. Its delicate money.Jane thinks the position is delicate cash. Going through Money Definition: cash to spend to have a fabulous time, buys superfluous things Its essential to have in any event a touch of going through cash each month.They dont have a lot of going through cash, so they like to remain at home instead of take some time off. Toss Money at Something Definition: squander cash on a circumstance Tossing cash at the circumstance isnt going to cause it better.Some governments to feel that tossing cash at a program consistently makes a difference. Once youve took in these articulations, its a smart thought to likewise learn significant phrasal action words about cash. At last, utilize the business English assets on the site to keep improving your English as it identifies with the business world.

15 High-Protein Breakfast Ideas That Will Help You Lose Weight

15 High-Protein Breakfast Ideas That Will Help You Lose Weight If youve been trying to shed some weight but just cant seem to reach your weight loss goals one of the major problems could be your eating habits.It may surprise you to know that by simply eating breakfast and more protein you would see a drastic leap towards your weight loss goals.Whats more, by starting your day with a combination of the two, it pretty much have you as trim and fit as you want in no time.Youre probably thinking how is this possible? Well, studies have shown that consuming 30 grams of protein in your breakfast meal will keep you satisfied and less hungry throughout the day.Take for example a recent survey which showed that people who begin their day consuming between 30 -39 grams of protein, ate 175 fewer calories at lunch.The reason this has a positive effect on your weight loss goals is that foods high in protein take longer to digest, unlike the traditional breakfast foods which are heavily stuffed with carbohydrate.Now, the longer it takes to digest, the lower y our hunger level, and since you won’t get hungry you end up sticking to your healthy eating regime.WHY CHANGE EATING HABITS WHEN I CAN JUST EXERCISE?This may seem like a valid train of thought if you are ignorant of the facts.Research showed how regular exercise is profitable in staying healthy but not as profitable in relation to weight loss. Source: VoxIn the graph above, the study shows that if a hypothetical 200-pound man began 60 minutes of exercise for 4 days every week with the exact same calorie intake for 30 days, it would result in him losing only 5 pounds.In addition to that if the man decided to increase his relax time, as well as food intake even less weight, would be lost.So trying to lose a significant amount of weight by exercising alone is a near impossibility.Now in contrast, in another study on nutrition metabolism, it was seen that people who acquired 30% of their daily calories through protein were able to shed 11 pounds in just 12 weeks. How amazing is that? Source: HealthlineSo, mixing a high-protein breakfast with your routine exercises would boost your weight loss goals as exercise alone wont cut it.However, if youve tried to follow a high -protein diet in the past you’re aware it is a bit difficult to increase your protein intake, especially when youre lacking the right recipes for your breakfast ideas.Thats what this article is for, whether you love it exotic and spicy or sweet and savory, on the way to work or at the breakfast table, there is a meal youll simply adore on this list.1. Mini Egg Frittatas Having just eggs for breakfast may certainly seem plain and boring to you but try these frittatas and they will blow your mind.Mix whole eggs together with extra white eggs and add sautéed vegetables into the mix.If you want some more protein throw in some cheese or turkey sausage.Now, after youve done this pour in this mix into muffin or cupcake tins and let it bake at 350 °F.In order to know when its properly baked, insert a kni fe into it and if the knife comes out clean without stain you can pull it out.Generally, if you use a standard sized muffin tin, it should take anything between 20-25 minutes.Whats really great about this high-protein breakfast is that if you do not like early mornings, you can make them at night and simply reheat it in the morning on your way out.2. Baked Oatmeal with Blueberry-Almond or YogurtEveryone loves oatmeal for breakfast.On its own, its a yummy breakfast stuffed full of whole grains and fiber, but you can increase its all-around nutrition quality by boosting its protein content.By adding chia seeds, almond milk, flax meal, soy milk or even protein powder you can increase your breakfast protein intake with oatmeal.All you need to do is simply stir in flavored or unflavoured protein powder or pour in soy milk right into your oatmeal.Then you can top it with almonds or blueberries for an extra dose of healthy fats, vitamins, and fiber.If you arent a fan of soy milk or protein powder, another option in boosting your oatmeal protein content is to add some cups of Greek yogurt into it.This is quite powerful because it introduces into the oatmeal 11 grams of protein for each serve.Whats more, you can easily carry this breakfast with you, if you have to dash out very early in the morning.In addition to the high protein, you also get filling fiber as well as healthy probiotics.3. Turkish Fried Eggs If you love your breakfast exotic, this is certainly the right meal for you. This modified take on the popular Turkish dish will leave a hard to forget exotic flavor in your mouth.To make this, sauté garlic, red onion, sliced chili pepper and frozen spinach in olive oil. After this is done wait for the veggies to get soft.As soon as the veggies get soft, break in one or two eggs and let it cook together.Then top it with lemon juice, salt, and fatty Greek yogurt.For exotic food lovers, this recipe is a must have, the mixture of the fragrant olive oil, lemon, cream y yogurt, and spicy chili is simply irresistible.4. Cottage Cheese When it relates to boosting your protein intake, many people easily overlook cottage cheese.This low-fat nutritious food is excellent in taste and very easy to make.It is a fantastic addition to your breakfast meals. Whats interesting about low-fat cottage cheese is its protein level, as it is greater than full-fat cheese, even though both of them are fabulous options.If you want to get the best out of it, full up a bowl with low-fat cottage cheese, add some beans and top it with salt, paprika, tomatoes, and pepper.5. Protein Muffins If youve been searching for a portable vegan recipe, protein muffins are the perfect fit.There are numerous ways to get your recommended amount of protein without eating an animal product as a vegetarian and protein muffins are one of them.These muffins are made by using pea protein milk to cook gluten-free oats.As it cooks you add some almond butter, blueberries, flaxseed, and cinnamon. Mix it up till it has a batter-like consistency and you can either eat it right away or bake it for about 20 minutes at 350 °F if you want it a very portable form.6. ShakshukaThis onion, tomato and egg dish is a very popular breakfast food in Israel.As a matter of fact, Shakshuka actually is translated to mean breakfast.To whip this up just cook up red bell peppers, sliced onions, paprika, and tomatoes.Then cook two eggs and once they are boiled, place them on one slice of whole-grain bread.Add the previously cooked red bell peppers, paprika, tomatoes, and sliced onions sauce on the bread as well.Top it off with chili flakes, parsley leaves, pepper and salt for extra flavor.7. Minty Quark Shake In case youve never heard of one a quark is a German-style yogurt, just like a Greek yogurt except it has a cheesecake like the texture and has a lot more protein.Its thick consistency makes it great for whipping up a creamy, decadent protein shake. Keep in mind that protein shakes do not hav e to always be sweet as this has an interesting taste.You can make it by mixing in quark, mint, a pinch of salt, milk, and cucumber.8. Crustless Mini QuichesEggs and vegetables are one of the breakfasts that people enjoy a lot and losing weight doesn’t mean you have to avoid eggs totally; in fact, a perfect mixture of eggs and vegetables in the morning will help you lose some pounds.Eggs and veggies can be combined to give you crustless quiches; all you need to do is to mix fresh eggs with any vegetable like kale, red onion, asparagus or any other vegetable of your choice.Then add seasonings like parsley, cilantro, and garlic, ginger or salt and mix together.After this, bake the mixture in an oven till it is ready and then take it out of the oven.This yummy breakfast will supply your body with lots of nutrients such as vitamin B1, B6, K, A, E, vitamin B12, folate and chromium.If you wish to add a little more protein to the diet, you can make collagen shake.Collagen is pure protein , it doesnt have flavor and it easily dissolves in shakes. You can add blend collagen with berries, nut butter or any other fruit you will like to make you shake with.Collagen aids digestion and also reduces pains in the joint. It strengthens the teeth, hair, and nails and will give you a glowing skin.9. Improved Avocado Toast Avocado toast is one of the most talked about breakfast foods currently and it is excellent for people that want to lose a few pounds because it has a lot of fiber and a healthy dose of fats.However, instead of cooking the conventional Avocado toast, you can amp your own by sprinkling nutritional yeast and adding one or two eggs to the toasted mixture.These two ingredients will add vitamin B and enough protein to the breakfast.If you want to make toast without Avocado, and just want some crunchy toast.All you need to do is to get whole grain bread and spread any nut butter you prefer in the bread, and then you can sprinkle chia seeds on the bread.After you do this, you can eat the toast with any beverage of your choice.This combination is full of lots of fats and healthy fiber and also very rich in protein.10. Protein Pancakes and OatsProtein pancakes are another excellent breakfast menu for shedding some pounds.To make protein pancakes, blend half a cup of egg whites, half a cup of Oatmeal, one cup of cottage cheese and one cup of baking soda. Blend the mixture until it is very smooth.After blending, cook it till it gets done.This pancake contains a high amount of protein which contains the right amount of calories. It will also reduce the risk of having a cardiovascular-related disease.If protein pancakes are too plain for you, you can try something different by making chocolate pomegranate with overnight Oats.You do not have to go through the stress of cooking Oats in the morning; all you need to do is to make the Oats at night.To achieve this, mix Oats with plain Greek yogurt, pomegranate seeds, unsweetened almond milk, chocolate pro tein powder, and chia seeds.This fiber-packed breakfast will delay the digestion process and will give you enough energy to last you a long time. You will stay full for a long time after having this yummy breakfast.11. Omelet and Breakfast WrapsThis list wont be complete without mentioning omelet. Omelet lets you combine meat, cheese, and veggies with eggs.To do something a little extra with your omelet, cook two eggs with cheese, mushrooms, and onions and top it with tomatoes and basil.The many veggies in the omelet are filled with polyphenols; the eggs are packed full with protein while the cheese will give your body calcium.You can also make eggs with lots of greens. Chop spinach, mustard, kale and any other kind of green vegetable. Put the vegetables in a hot pan and stir for about one minute until the vegetable wilts.If you wish to try another source of protein other than eggs, you can make breakfast wrap with smoked salmon. To make breakfast wrap, put smoked salmon on a paleo wrap. Add avocado, roasted vegetables and greens to the wrap.If you wish, you can use whole grain wrap instead of low carb wrap and you can also use chicken or eggs in place of the salmon.You can also use any type of vegetable you like.The breakfast wrap is filled with lots of fiber and fats and it will help you lose lots of weight and also lower the cholesterol level in the body.You can also make breakfast tacos. Add scrambled eggs, avocado slices, lettuce, black beans and Salsa to a taco shell or to a whole grain wrap.This meal is not only portable, but it is also filled with its healthy fats and vitamins and will also help you to lose weight.12. Tofu Scramble If you are tired of eating scrambled eggs, you can try something different by making tofu scramble. All you simply need to do is to replace the eggs with tofu.All you need to do is to mash firm tofu. Pour the mashed tofu into a mixture of salted red bell pepper, onions, garlic or any other type of vegetable you prefer. Cook the mixture on a stove until it is soft.Tofu scramble is rich in protein and is also rich in zinc, calcium, iron, and magnesium. It can be served with potatoes, roti or grain bread or any healthy food you wish to eat it with.Alternatively, you can do something extra by eating your tofu with protein moha.To make protein moha, simply add a scoop or two of protein powder to your cup of coffee. By doing this, you will add a lot of protein into your diet and it is perfect for shedding some pounds.13. Turmeric EggsIf you want to do something different to your scrambled eggs, you can change the spices. Instead of adding cheese, you can add spices like cumin, turmeric or cayenne.Making turmeric scrambled eggs is the same as making your regular scrambled wages its just that instead of adding cheese; you will add turmeric to the mixture.Turmeric scrambled eggs are full of protein and it is great for detoxifying the system.Turmeric manages the blood sugar and also regulates the level of choles terol in the body.Alternatively, if you dont want to make the eggs scrambled, you can have hard-boiled eggs with quinoa. Simply boil eggs and after boiling, let it rest for twelve minutes.After that, eat the hard boiled eggs with cooked quinoa. Hard boiled eggs and quinoa is high in protein.14. Mediterranean/English Muffins and Bread PuddingMediterranean muffins are easy to make and they do not require a lot of ingredients, all you need is canned salmon, feta and eggs.Mix the ingredients and bake in muffin tins, in an oven of about 350 degrees. Leave the mixture to bake in the oven for about twenty to twenty-five minutes.After it is well baked, pull it from the oven and it is ready to eat.You can make lots of these Mediterranean muffins and refrigerate. Then you can microwave every morning when you want to eat it.Even though the Mediterranean muffin may appear plain, it is rich in proteins and healthy fats.Asides Mediterranean muffins, you can also make English muffin. To make an En glish muffin, add a slice of cheese, an egg and two slices of ham or bacon. Wrap in a wax paper and enjoy it.If you think this is boring and you want to do something really fun but nutritional, you can add bread pudding in a mug.To achieve this, mix two tablespoons of vanilla, with one egg, protein powder, two tablespoons of milk and a packet of Stevia. Add two slices of cubed whole grain bread and a chopped apple.Pour the mixture into a mug and put the mug in a microwave, leave it in the microwave for about one minute and bring it out. You can have the pudding with cinnamon and syrup.15. Almond Butter CrackersIf you want to eat some protein but do not have enough time to cook something, you can eat rye crackers and almond butter.The rye cracker and almond butter should be sprinkled with dried fruits and nuts to make it more delicious.You can take this with a warm glass of soy milk.Here is something else you can do with almonds vanilla almond chia pudding.Mix three tablespoons of c hia seed with two tablespoons of almond butter, one cup of unsweetened almond milk, a dash of cinnamon and one teaspoon of vanilla extract.After mixing all these in a jar, put the mixture in the fridge and allow it to stay there overnight.In the morning before eating it, sprinkle some almonds and blueberries on the mixture. The chia seeds in the mixture will give it the texture of a pudding.This breakfast is full of a lot of fiber and protein and it is ideal for people who want to lose weight.CONCLUSIONWeight loss is an extremely tough journey; you need to be extremely dedicated to see significant results.Most times a lot of people embarking on some weight loss goals, downplay the role of their diet and focus on trying to exercise some more.While this is great for your health, exercising without proper eating habits does little to no good. This is why knowing the right type of eating regime to have in relation to your weight loss goals is vital.A high-protein diet is essential if yo u want to see tremendous positive effects concerning weight reduction.However, if youve been confused about what recipes to use to make the most ideal high-protein breakfast, the foods listed in this article will end that confusion!Just pick the best high-protein recipe with regards to your taste and watch those calories fall off.Most of these breakfast recipes are very easy to whip up and can be done in a matter of minutes.If youre an early bird and wont have time to cook in the morning, you can always opt for the recipes which can be made at night and then you reheat them in the morning on your way out.

Essay on My Sisters Keeper - 926 Words

Evelyn Rivas West Coast University 9 May 2013 My Sister’s Keeper Cloning is a controversial topic to where most people who argue about it, definitely do not agree with each other’s opinions. â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† is a movie where one child, Anna, is conceived solely so her older sister Kate can fight leukemia. Once Anna reaches a certain age, she realizes what has been happening to her and refuses to go through with anything else by suing her mother. Throughout the movie, this situation tears the family apart and members of the family are heartbroken but it ultimately helps decide the outcome of what should happen (Cassavetes, 2009). In the movie â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper†, a girl named Kate is†¦show more content†¦Medical paternalism is when people believe they know what is best for others; as in when Kate’s mom believed what she was doing was right regardless of the opinions anyone else had. Her mom was not able to accept the fact that her daughter was dying and did not want to deal with it. Ethical terms that opposed Kate’s mom’s actions are nonmaleficence is doing harm to another while nonconsequential ethics is the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences of the action. Kate’s mom was causing nonmaleficence by putting Anna through all these unnecessary surgeries. During the time, Anna had no idea what was going on and had no say in the things she wanted. Kate’s mom thought that it was ok for her to conceive another child for the good of her first born. Kate’s mom would constantly have Anna as a back up to use in case something went wrong with Kate. Autonomy is when an individual makes his or her own decisions. In the movie, I believe Anna’s rights are most important compared to Kate’s or her moms. In my opinion I believe that Kate and Anna’s mom was completely wrong for what she had done and how she thought nothing was wrong with it. Anna’s life was only crea ted to help her sister survive. From the day Anna was born, tests and procedures began to help keep Kate alive. Anna was of course way too young to understand what was happening to her and why. When Anna reachedShow MoreRelatedTechnical Reading : My Sisters Keeper2807 Words   |  12 PagesTechnical reading: My Sisters Keeper A technical reading is where the film maker’s intentions are explained through the technical devices of a film. Nick Cassavetes (the director) was able to explain to us that even though Kate was sick she was happy. In one of the scenes where Kate is sitting outside cooped up in a blanket although she was looking pale and unhealthy she was giggling like she was 5 years old blowing bubbles into the sky. He proved his point to us through the way that he used a closeRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult979 Words   |  4 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult beautifully illustrates many different legal, ethical, and moral dilemmas that can accompany a possible terminal illness diagnosis within a family especially that of a young family. Ultimately the book causes you to re-examine any stance you may have had between that of what is legally and ethically right and what is morally right. Brian and Sara Fitzgerald have two small children who seem healthy and happy. Suddenly their daughter Kate falls sick, and after manyRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1216 Words   |  5 PagesReading Response – Kaitlyn Baker My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult Sad novels have never really appealed to me. I’ve never been drawn by their sombre and depressing tone, often leaving me in a state of wondering, what now? This novel didn’t excite me at first. The storyline of ‘My Sister’s Keeper’ by Jodi Picoult, follows Anna Fitzgerald as she takes her parents to court so that she could be emancipated from medically supporting here leukaemia ridden sister, Kate. But as I read through, there wereRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1424 Words   |  6 PagesReading is my life. I enjoy every book that I pick up. I have many favorite authors from all types of backgrounds and all types of genres. My five favorite books are as followed: A Thousand Splendid Suns, My Sister’s Keeper, My Sister’s Keeper, The Secret Life of Bees and Act Like a Lady Think Like a Man. Each novel plays an important role in my life, they helped me get through some tough times. The books that I read whi le I was in high school helped me to find courage, to find faith, to find myselfRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper2300 Words   |  10 PagesAn Ethical Discussion of My Sisters Keeper Trudy German Wayland Baptist University An Ethical Discussion of My Sisters Keeper Introduction and Thesis: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) to provide a genetically matched donor for an older sick child and to use the organs of the younger to the medical benefit of the elder is not morally justifiable using rule utilitarian ethical theory. This principle is not justifiable due to both the nature of the proposed rule regarding PGD and, primarilyRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper Essay1125 Words   |  5 Pagesan amazing story about a girl who was conceived to spend her life as a donator for her sister. She spends her whole life in hospitals trying to save her sister’s life. But is it all worth it? And does her sister even want her to do all this? In this book analysis I’ll tell you all about this beautiful story. C: 1: Anna, Sara Fitzgerald’s youngest daughter was created to donate bone marrow to her older sister Kate. They created a baby that could function as a suitable donor. This baby was Anna.Read MoreThe Book Thief And My Sister Keeper1875 Words   |  8 Pagesinevitable part of life. I have chosen to explore the theme how loss changes perspective. This theme is evident in the books The book thief by Markus Zusak, My sister keeper, by Jodi Picoult, The five people you meet in heaven, by Mitch Albom and The lovely bones, by Alice Sebold. The books The five people you meet in heaven by Mitch Albom and My sister keeper by Jodi Picoult, both potray the idea that death makes us question our purpose in life. This was shown in the book, The five people you meet in heavenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie My Sisters Keeper 1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie â€Å"My sisters keeper† is about 13 year-old Anna, who sues her parents for medical emancipation when she is expected to donate a kidney to her sister Kate, who has leukemia. This essay will focus on three events in Anna’s life, and discuss how each event in the characters life had an affect on her physical, psychosocial and cognitive development. The events that will be discussed are: how being brought into the world to save Kate affected Anna’s psychosocial development, how having to undergoRead MoreReaction to My Sisters Keeper Movie5317 Words   |  22 PagesMy Sisters Keeper by Jodi Picoult About the Book New York Times bestselling author Jodi Picoult is widely acclaimed for her keen insights into the hearts and minds of real people. Now she tells the emotionally riveting story of a family torn apart by conflicting needs and a passionate love that triumphs over human weakness. Anna is not sick, but she might as well be. By age thirteen, she has undergone countless surgeries, transfusions, and shots so that her older sister, Kate, can somehow fightRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Kate Fitzgerald1990 Words   |  8 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper follows the story of 13-year-old Anna Fitzgerald, who unexpectedly sues her parents for medical emancipation. Medical emancipation is granted to a minor, where they are no longer restricted to the wishes of their parents and may make their own decisions regarding medical treatment. Now, the reason Anna seeks medical emancipation is because her parents expect her to give up one of her kidneys for her older sister Kate. Kate Fitzgerald has had leu kemia since she was 2, and in the

Chemistry Project - 1446 Words

CHEMISTRY PROJECT :AIM: TO COMPARE RATE OF FERMENTATION OF GIVEN SAMPLE OF WHEAT FLOUR,GRAM FLOUR,RICE FLOUR AND POTATO. SUBMITTED BY :- NAME: Shreyas kelkar CLASS:XII A ROLL NO: 26 INDEX # AIM # CERTIFICATE # ACKNOWLEDGEMENT # DECLARATION # OBJECTIVE # INTRODUCTION # MATERIALS REQUIRED # PROCEDURE # OBSERVATIONS # BIBLIOGRAPHY CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project is submitted by SHREYAS KELKAR to the chemistry department, KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 1, INDORE was carried out by him under the guidance and supervision of MRS. SANGITA SHELKE during academic session 2012-2013. Date: MRS. SANGITA SHELKE (Chemistry teacher) External Examiner:- Internal Examiner:- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my deep gratitude and†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, it was known that yeast extracts ferment sugar even in the absence of living yeast cells. While studying this process in 1897, Eduard Buchner of Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany, found that sugar was fermented even when there were no living yeast cells in the mixture, by a yeast secretion that he termed zymase. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research and discovery of cell-free fermentation.One year prior, in 1906, ethanol fermentation studies led to the early discovery of NAD+. Uses Food fermentation has been said to serve five main purposes: # Enrichment of the diet through development of a diversity of flavors, aromas, and textures in food substrates # Preservation of substantial amounts of food through lactic acid, alcohol, acetic acid and alkaline fermentations # Biological enrichment of food substrates with protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and vitamins # Elimination of ant nutrients. # A decrease in cooking times and fuel requirements Risks of consuming fermented foods Food that is improperly fermented has a notable risk of exposing the eater to botulism. Alaska has witnessed a steady increase of cases of botulism since 1985. Despite its small population, it has more cases of botulism than any other state in the United States of America. This is caused by the traditional EskimoShow MoreRelatedChemistry Career Research Project: Forensic Science547 Words   |  2 Pagesin the first years of college, certain courses should be taken. 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State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China; 2. Ministry of Public Security of Jilin Province, Changchun 130051, P. R. China Abstract A sensitive, simple and low-cost method based on capillary electrophoresis(CE)Read MoreBattery Life Chemistry Project3767 Words   |  16 Pagesdata and draw conclusions 9. Compile a formal report summarizing your work. All the while, you must keep an up-to-date logbook; turn in required papers and forms. By Dec. 2 submit a formal research paper summarizing your science fair project and research. 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Mattel Case Study Free Essays

Recently Mattel faced challenges regarding their toys manufactured in China. They found out that these toys made in China have high lead content that can poison children. Mattel immediately recalled these toys, specifically: 253,000 â€Å"Sarge Cars,† â€Å"345,000 batman, 683,000 Barbie and Tanner sets and 1 million Doggie Day Care Sets (iVillage, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Mattel Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mattel immediately asked their retailers to recall these toys. How did the management of Mattel arrive to this kind of decision in order to solve this problem? This study will examine the decision process. Mattel believes in proper management is important to ensure the success of the company. And to be able to achieve it, a good manager is needed. Managers are vital ingredient of a company’s success because they are the ones responsible i company (Long, 1998). Ethics is also vital in an organization. Several times we hear about organizations being hit by scandal dealing with issues of ethics, integrity and trusty. In reality, several organizations are ethical and are not beset with scandal, lawsuits and investigations. The reason most organizations considered ethical are not dealing with this negative press is because many have instilled a culture of ethics and integrity. Since Mattel believes that ethics will be helpful to their productivity and survival, as contrast to what is perceived on television, for example, where people at all means do whatever they could to achieve something, even if it meant being dishonest. (p. 208) Mary Guy (1990) wrote that individuals who are considerate with regards to making ethical decisions influence the new comers of the organization, and will later on develop their own sensitivity on ethics. (p. 161) Ethics requires the decision maker to consider things based on important values. (p. 5). According to Jacobs and Jaques (1987), the skill requirement at the organizational level requires ethics because it is responsible for the organization’s reputation of their products and services. The company should respond to the social and community needs and it should also be concerned with public relations. (p. 31) The influence of ethics in decision making is crucial because the company or organization judges a situation based on what is morally right and fair for their clients or consumers. Not only will they lose their regulars if they fail, but they will also lose potential patrons (McGregor, 2004). They also base their decisions on how wise it should be. Seldom are there companies who are gearing towards unethical decisions just for the sole reason of achieving a goal (Minor, 2002). Usually, success comes with the right, ethical, decisions; and it has been proven for many years that is why organizations are required to make these sound judgments. References Guy, M.E. (1990). Ethical Decision Making in Everyday Work Situations. Westport, CT: Quorum Books Jacobs, T.O., Jaques, E. (1987). LEADERSHIP IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS. In J. Zeidner (Ed.). Human Productivity Enhancement: Organizations, Personnel, and Decision Making Vol. 2. Volume: 2, (pp. 7-31). New York: Praeger Publishers Long, B.C. (1998) Coping with Workplace Stress: A Multiple-Group Comparison of Female Managers and Clerical Workers. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 45(1): 65 McGregor, G. (2004, October 8). Service Network. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 45(1): 65 Miner, J.B. (2002) Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Theories, and Analyses. Oxford University Press. New York: Oxford University Press. iVillage.com (2007) Mattel Toys Recalled from China. www.iVillage.com How to cite Mattel Case Study, Free Case study samples

Second Language free essay sample

The language is the most important means of communication. It is necessary to be able to communicate not only in your own language but also in a foreign language. That is why people learn languages. The most important language of all is our mother tongue. We learn it from very young and it stay with us until we die. When we want to learn a new language, we must know our own very well. There are many different people and everyone learns a foreign language in his own way. For some people to learn a language is very easy. Usually these people dont need any help, they learn by themselves. All they need is a book or a stay abroad. An other group of people are people who work hard to learn a language and most of the time it works. For them the process of learning a foreign language is quite long and they need a lot of patience and endurance. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Language or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And then there is a third group of people. These people always start to learn a language but they never finish. That means that they dont know the language properly. The most important and the most popular language in the world is English. When we know English we can communicate almost all over the world because most people learn English as their first foreign language. English is used in information technologies, in travel airports, buses, trains, ships. Not only English but also other languages you can use to get information from Tv, radio, newspaper. We choose which language we want to learn also according to where we live. Sometimes is is necessary to learn the language of our neighbouring countries. Learning foreign languages means more opportunities when traveling to other countries. We can get to know new countries, new people, new cultures and make new contacts. All this is much easier when we have learnt the language. Today many people need to learn a foreign language because they want to find work abroad. The better they know the language, the better chance they haveto get a good job. In some countries there is the problem that people think that they dont need to learn any other language except for their own because they think that everybody else will learn their language. This is an advantage of small countries where the people are flexible and are able to learn not only one but very often more languages. It is true what people say that the more foreign languages you know, the more opportunities you have. Everybody should have this in mind and be open to new chalenges.

English Tips for Job Interview Questions and Answers

English Tips for Job Interview Questions and Answers Congratulations! You have applied for a job and now you are getting ready for that important job interview. Use this page to make sure your English makes a great impression, in addition to your skills. Opening Questions When you walk in the room the very first impression you make on the interviewer is key. It is important that you introduce yourself, shake hands, and be friendly. To begin the interview, its common to engage in some small talk: How are you today?Did you have any trouble finding us?What do you think of the weather lately? Take advantage of these questions to help you relax: Human resources director: How are you today?Interviewee: Im fine. Thank you for asking me in today.Human resources director: My pleasure. Hows the weather outside?Interviewee: Its raining, but I brought my umbrella.Human resources director: Good thinking! As this example dialog shows, its important to keep your answers short and to the point. These type of questions are known as ice-breakers because they will help you relax. Strengths and Weaknesses You can expect to be asked about your strengths and weaknesses during a job interview. Its a good idea to use strong adjectives to make a good impression.  Use these adjectives to describe yourself by talking about your strengths.   accurate -  Im an accurate bookkeeper.active -  Im active in two volunteer groups.adaptable -  Im quite adaptable and happy to work in teams or on my own.adept -  Im adept at identifying customer service issues.broad-minded -  Im proud of my broad-minded approach to problems.competent -  Im a competent office suite user.conscientious -  Im efficient and conscientious about paying attention to detail.creative -  Im quite creative and have come up with a number of marketing campaigns.dependable -  Id describe myself as a dependable team player.determined -  Im a determined problem solver who wont rest until weve come up with a solution.diplomatic -  Ive been called in to mediate as Im quite diplomatic.efficient -  I always take the most efficient approach possible.enthusiastic -  Im an enthusiastic team player.experienced -  Im an experienced C programmer.fair -  I have a fair understanding of programming languages.firm -  I have a firm grasp on the comp lexities facing us.innovative -  Ive often been complimented on my innovative approach to shipping challenges. logical -  Im quite logical by nature.loyal -  Youll find that Im a loyal employee.mature -  I have a mature understanding of the market.motivated -  Im motivated by people who love to get things done.objective -  Ive often been asked for my objective views.outgoing -  People say Im an outgoing person whos very personable.personable -  My personable nature helps me get along with everyone.positive -  I take a positive approach to problem-solving.practical -  I always look for the most practical solution.productive -  I pride myself on how productive I am.reliable -  Youll find that Im a reliable team player.resourceful -  You might be surprised by how resourceful I can be.self-disciplined -  Ive often been complimented on how self-disciplined I remain in difficult situations.sensitive -  I do my best to be sensitive to others needs.trustworthy -  I was so trustworthy that I was asked to deposit company funds. Make sure to always have an example ready as an interviewer might like  more details: Human resources director: What do you consider your greatest strengths?Interviewee: Im a determined problem solver. In fact, you might call me a trouble-shooter.Human resources director: Could you give me an example?Interviewee: Certainly. A few years ago, we were experiencing difficulties with our customer database. Tech-support was having difficulties finding the problem, so I took it upon myself to dig into the problem. After two days of brushing up on some basic programming skills, I was able to identify the problem and resolve the issue. When asked to describe your weaknesses, a good strategy is to select weaknesses that you can overcome by a specific action. Once youve described your weakness, state how you plan to overcome this weakness. This will demonstrate self-awareness and motivation.   Human resources director: Could you tell me about your weaknesses?Interviewee: Well, Im a little shy when first meeting people. Of course, as a salesperson, Ive had to overcome this problem. At work, I make an effort to be the first person to greet new customers to the store despite my shyness. Speaking About Experience,  Responsibilities Making a good impression when speaking about your past work experience is the most important part of any job interview.  Use these verbs to specifically describe responsibilities at work. As with  speaking about your greatest strengths, youll need to have specific examples ready when asked for further details. act -  Ive acted in a number of roles in my current position.accomplish -  It took only three months to accomplish all our goals.adapt -  I can to adapt to any circumstance.administer -  Ive administered accounts for a wide range of clients.advise -  Ive advised management on a wide range of issues.allocate -  I allocated resources across three branches.analyze -  I spent three months analyzing our  strengths and weaknesses.arbitrate -  Ive been asked to arbitrate between colleagues on a number of occasions.arrange -  Ive arranged shipments to four continents.assist -  Ive assisted management on a wide range of issues.attain -  I attained the highest levels of certification.built -  I built out two new branches for my company.carry out -  I was responsible for carrying out managements decision.catalog -  I helped develop a database to catalog our clients needs.collaborate -  Ive collaborated with a wide range of clients.conceive -  I helped conceive of a  new marketing approach.conduct -  I conducted four marketing surveys. consult -  Ive consulted on a wide range of projects.contract -  Ive contracted with third parties for our company.cooperate -  Im a team player and love to cooperate.coordinate -  As project manager, Ive coordinated major projects.delegate  -  I delegated responsibilities as supervisor.develop -  We developed more than twenty applications.direct -  I directed our last marketing campaign.document -  I documented workflow processes.edit -  I edited the company newsletter.encourage -  I encouraged coworkers to think outside the box.engineer -  I helped engineer a wide range of products.evaluate -  I evaluated sales operations throughout the country.facilitate -  I facilitated communications between departments.finalize -  I finalized quarterly sales reports.formulate -  I helped formulate a new market approach.handle -  I handled foreign accounts in three languages.head -  I headed the RD department  for three years.identify -  I identified produ ction issues to streamline development.implement -  I implemented a number of software rollouts. initiate -  I initiated discussions with personnel to improve communications.inspect -  I inspected new equipment as part of quality control measures.install -  Ive installed more than two hundred air conditioners.interpreted -  I interpreted for our sales department when necessary.introduce -  Ã‚  I introduced a number of innovations.lead -  I led the regional sales team.manage -  I managed a team of ten for the past two years.  operate  -  Ive operated heavy equipment for more than five  years.  organize -  I helped organize events at four locations.presented -  I  presented at four conferences.provide -  I provided feedback to management on a regular basis.recommend -  I recommended changes to help improve workflow.recruit -  I recruited employees  from local community colleges.redesign -  I redesigned our company database.review -  I reviewed company policies on a regular basis.revise -  I revised and improved plans for company expansio n.supervise -  Ive supervised project development teams on a number of occasions. train -  Ive trained new employees. Human resources director: Lets talk about your work experience. Could you describe your current responsibilities?Interviewee: Ive taken on a number of roles in my current position. I collaborate with consultants on an ongoing basis, as well as evaluate ​the  job performance of my team members. I also handle foreign correspondence in French and German.Human resources director: Could you give me some more details about job evaluation?Interviewee: Certainly. We focus on project-based assignments. At the end of each project, I use a rubric to evaluate individual team members on key metrics for the project. My evaluation is then used as reference for future assignments. Your Turn to Ask Questions Towards the end of the interview, its common for the interviewer to ask you if you have any questions about the company. Make sure to do your homework and prepare for these questions. Its important to ask questions that show your understanding of the business rather than just simple facts about the company. Questions you might ask could include: Questions about business decisions such as why a company decided to expand into a specific market.Questions that show off your intimate understanding of the type of business.Questions about current projects, clients and products that go beyond information you might find on the companys website. Make sure to avoid any question about workplace benefits. These questions should be asked only after a job offer has been made. Choose Your Verb Tenses Well Here are some tips on verb tense usage during the interview. Remember that your education took place in the past. When describing your education use the past simple tense: I attended the University of Helsinki from 1987 to 1993.I graduated with a degree in agricultural planning.If you are currently a student, use the present continuous tense:I am currently studying at the University of New York and will graduate with a degree in Economics in the spring.I am studying English at the Borough Community College. When talking about current employment be careful to use the  present perfect  or  present perfect continuous. This signals that you are still performing these tasks at your current job: Smith and Co. have employed me for the last three years.I have been  developing intuitive software solutions for more than ten years.When talking about past employers use  past tenses  to signal that you are no longer working for that company:I was employed by Jacksons from 1989 to 1992 as a clerk.I worked as a receptionist at the Ritz while I was living in New York.

40 Actionable Email Marketing Tips That Will Boost Results

40 Actionable Email Marketing Tips That Will Boost Results Email marketing is complex. From list building to copywriting to measurement, there’s always something new to learn and improve. For marketers and business owners with limited time, it can be difficult to keep up with. This post covers 40 important email marketing tips, along with actionable advice to help you implement them right now. Even if you’re an experienced email marketer, you’re sure to pick up at least a few new tactics. 40 Actionable Email Marketing Tips That Will Boost Results via @ Table of Contents: 10 Email Subject Line Writing Tips 10 Email Copywriting Tips 10 General Email Marketing Tips 10 Email List Building Tips 10 Tips for Writing Better Email Subject Lines Success starts with strong subject lines. According to Hiten Shah, â€Å"33% of email recipients open email based on the subject line alone.† You may have heard some variation of that figure before (different reports suggest a range between 30% to upper 40%). The key takeaway here is that paying attention to subject lines matters, and a little extra effort up front can boost the results of your entire email. 1. Test Every Subject Line Before Delivery Wouldn’t it be great if it were possible to test every subject line before you hit send? With the Email Subject Line Tester, there is. This free tool (which is also built into ) makes it easy to optimize subject lines and see how they’ll look in recipient’s inboxes. Enter your subject line: Then, get your score (and more): You can use it free as much as you’d like here. 2. Use a Real Person’s Name in the Sender Field Getting an email from an actual person feels more friendly than one from a brand. So, use an employee’s name in the sender field, rather than your brand name. For bloggers or solo consultants, your name might double as your brand. But, larger retail and B2B brands can benefit from this strategy, too. This example from Threadless shows how both can be combined: Most email service providers make it easy to edit the sender field. Consider using the name of the individual sending the email, or the best point of contact should a recipient have questions. Sending marketing emails? Use a real employee's name in the sender field:3. Add Personalization People want to feel like they’re more than just a number. So, to further make your emails more personable, include the recipient's name. Here’s an example of a plain-text email from Michael Hyatt using personalization: Make email marketing more conversational with personalization4. Use Power Words Subject lines should inspire readers to take action. So, include power words that motivate audiences to open and click. Use this cheat sheet: Use power words to increase #email open rates5. Experiment With Numbers and Stats According to a study from YesWare, including a number (like an interesting stat or percentage) can influence a modest increase in clicks and replies: There are at least a couple reasons this might be the case: Numbers are concrete. Subject lines that make vague promises are less compelling than those that state specific claims or benefits. For example, â€Å"Save 25%† is more useful than â€Å"Save Money.† Sometimes, stats are hard to believe (even if they’re accurate). And you just have to click for confirmation. So, if you have stats or interesting percentages to share, consider including them. Experiment with numbers and stats in #email subject lines6. A/B Test Subject Lines No study nor external data point will ever be as meaningful as your own results. One of the best ways to get insight into what works for your audience specifically is to A/B test as much as possible. Subject lines are one obvious email element to split test, and most email service providers make this easy. Here are some shortcuts to help documentation to get you started: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Active Campaign Constant ContactAre you using A/B testing on your #email subject lines? If not, you might not be as successful as...7. Create a Curiosity Gap According to Wordstream, a curiosity gap  is: The curiosity gap is a theory and practice popularized by Upworthy and similar sites that leverages the reader’s curiosity to make them click through from an irresistible headline  to the actual content. By creating a curiosity gap, you're teasing your reader with a hint of what's to come, without giving all the answers away. How powerful can leveraging an informational gap be for copywriting? For Copyhackers, powerful enough to drive a 927% traffic increase to a pricing page. Imagine what it can do for your email marketing. To incorporate this technique into your subject line writing, do this: Identify the beginning and end of the story in your email. Leave out crucial information in the middle. Now, done poorly, this is an easy recipe for cheesy clickbait. But, it can also be a simple formula for carefully crafted copy that piques curiosity (and gets more clicks on your emails). Here are some examples of what this might look like in practice: â€Å"The easiest way to achieve your goal isn’t what you think.† â€Å"What’s the fastest way to achieve [GOAL]?† â€Å"Should you use this tactic to achieve [GOAL]†? All of these examples leave something out, that can only be learned by clicking through to read the email. Create curiosity gaps in your email subject lines to get more opens.8. Make Use of Available Preview Text Preview text appears in some email clients after the subject line. Usually, this space will be filled with copy from the email itself, if no preview text is specified. Leaving it blank is a missed opportunity, though, as it offers a chance to give your subject line more context. Here’s a great example from MarketingProfs: The subject line inspires urgency (â€Å"last call†), while the preview text offers more specifics (exactly how long the offer will remain, and how much can be saved). This example from Stone Temple Consulting follows a similar principle: Making use of preview text is simple: write your subject line, then add context. Here are some ideas: Tease an offer, then add more specifics. Include information about additional content in your email (that isn’t implied by the subject line itself). Ask a question in your subject line, and use the preview text to tease an answer. Get creative with it and see how it impacts opens and clicks. Writing email subject lines? Don't forget to leverage space in the preview text field.9. Never Use All-Caps Just don’t. It sounds like you're shouting in your reader's face. Avoid all-caps in email subject lines (and get 39 more email marketing tips here):10. Experiment With Emojis Emojis are more than just fun illustrations. They can actually help improve opens on emails. In fact, according to Kim Courvoisier (formerly from Campaign Monitor), â€Å"brands that are using emojis have seen a 56% increase in their unique open rates.† Impressive. Will you achieve similar results? There’s only one way to find out: experiment! To quickly grab emojis you can copy and paste into your own emails, visit GetEmoji.com: Could emojis help increase your email open rate? 10 Email Copywriting Tips Strong copywriting skills are essential for effective email marketing. Here are ten different ways to sharpen yours. Recommended Reading: The Email Copywriting Process You Need to Get More Conversions 11. Keep It Brief Whether you’re writing subject lines or body copy, make everything as long as it needs to be, and no more. Here are some basic guidelines to follow: Keep sentences under 25 words, and paragraphs under three sentences. These are considered basic best practices for web writing. Aim for 17-24 characters when writing subject lines. There’s no real â€Å"best subject line length,† but shorter copy is more likely to avoid getting cut off on mobile devices. Get to the point. Every word and sentence in your email should serve a clear purpose. If it doesn’t, then remove it. Here’s an example from Google. It’s extremely brief and concludes with a simple CTA: Keep your #email marketing copy brief.12. Include One CTA (But Don’t Be Afraid to Include It In Multiple Locations) Including a single call-to-action is a classic piece of email marketing advice. But, what about including that one CTA in multiple locations? This is a simple tip that can help increase clicks by placing a link at multiple spots where a reader is likely to be scanning across your copy: This email includes a CTA in each of the following places: Header graphic. Inline text. Conclusion CTA button. If one item doesn’t entice clicks, there’s a chance the next one might. Consider including one #email call-to-action in multiple places.13. Add a PS If You Need Extra Links Newsletters and roundups, by their nature, include multiple links to various pieces of interesting content. But, if you’re writing a plain text email, it’s best to direct readers toward one location. For plain text emails though, if you have additional content to share, there is one place you can turn to: your PS section. "Check out this example from Sujan Patel, co-founder at Voila Norbert, which lists information about his upcoming speaking appearances: Some other things you could consider including might be: Related articles or blog posts. Upcoming events. Recent company news announcements. This is an easy way to get extra eyeballs on stuff you want to promote, without distracting from your core call-to-action. Get more email traffic by including additional links in a PS after your signature.14. Offer Something Valuable Great copy won’t save a crappy offer. If what you’re selling isn’t worth your audience’s time, there’s nothing you can do to salvage success. Before sending an email, ask whether it passes the following criteria: â€Å"Is the content or offer this is promoting high-quality?†Ã‚  This is obviously somewhat subjective, but if you’re sending email simply because you feel like you have to, it may be better to hold off. â€Å"Would I even want what I’m selling?† Put yourself in your readers shoes. If you read this email from another brand, would you even remotely care? Be honest. â€Å"Is there anything that could make this email more valuable?† An additional PS, a related piece of content, or something else? Never send a marketing #email if you don't have anything valuable to offer.15. Always Put the Reader First No one wants to listen to a brand talk exclusively about itself. Brands that solve problems for people, though? Those are the ones that get heard. When writing email copy, put the reader’s interest first: Strong Example: â€Å"Cut your grass 35% faster with new, sharper mower blades.† Weak Example: â€Å"Our new mower blades are 35% sharper.† The first example establishes a clear benefit and helps the reader envision themselves spending less time mowing their lawn. The second example isn’t bad, but it puts the company first, and fails to make as strong a connection between product improvement and tangible consumer benefit. Put your reader first when writing #email #marketing copy.16. Sell Benefits, Not Features This is another classic piece of copywriting advice, and one that directly ties into the previous tip. Generally speaking, customers care more about benefits than features. A sharper mower blade isn’t important because it’s sharper; it’s better because it means the customer can spend less time mowing their lawn. Here’s an interesting example from MailChimp: Now, this could have been some superdry copy about GDPR. But, odds are, if GDPR means anything to you, you already know what’s up. So, it instead focuses on how MailChimp made creating GDPR-friendly forms easy enough to do in a few clicks. Perfect. Selling benefits, not features is #email #marketing #copywriting 101:17. Maintain Message Match Between Email + Landing Page Copy You’ve sent out an awesome email. Your unsuspecting reader clicks, compelled by your copy, only to find the landing page doesn’t exactly sound like the email. Maybe the offer is different. Or, the theme of the copy isn’t quite aligned. Whatever the case may be, strive to maintain a consistent experience with your copy throughout the entire experience, from first click on a subject line, all the way through to a conversion on your landing page. Here’s a basic example of this done well, starting with a subject line from Adobe: Based on this text, one can assume the email will link to something with interesting photography from Tokyo. Once clicked, the headline on the body content makes it clear the reader is getting what they thought with this email: After clicking the button, the first thing you see is a blog header using the same banner image from the email: The body copy in the blog post also follows through on the story the reader expected based on the initial subject line: One consistent experience, from start to finish. That’s what marketers should always aim for. Make sure email copy matches the message on your destination landing page.18. Avoid Generic Templates There’s nothing wrong with using a template as a starting point. But, everyone has seen the same plain text email templates, repeatedly. So, if you’ve seen something similar sent before, it’s time to go back to the drawing board, and come up with something fresh. That’s all there is to this tip. Say no to generic templates. Writing outreach emails? Say no to generic templates.19. Develop a Distinctive Voice Everyone gets too much email in their inbox every day. To stand out, developing a distinctive brand voice is important. Create a brand voice chart similar to this one from Content Marketing Institute: Write more engaging #email copy by developing a distinctive #brand voice:20. Make Copy Skimmable Dense paragraphs of text typically perform poorly for email. So, keep sentences brief, and cut down paragraphs to a sentence or two (three at the max). Here’s an example from Siege Media that’s clear and easy to skim: Don't make readers work! Make your #email #marketing copy skimmable instead. 10 General Email Marketing Tips Here’s a roundup of basic (but often overlooked) tips that, while small, add up to delivering a better experience for your subscribers. Recommended Reading: The Best Email Calendar Template You Need to Manage Marketing Newsletters 21. Make it Simple to Unsubscribe Once you’ve got people on your list, you probably want to do everything you can to keep them there. So, why make it easy to unsubscribe? Because it creates a more positive experience. Someone might be interested in your brand, but just doesn’t want your emails anymore. If its tough to get off your list, that positive brand sentiment can quickly evaporate, to the extent they choose a competitor instead. This can be as simple as making the unsubscribe link clear and easy to find: In this example, the unsubscribe link is subtle and unobtrusive, yet easy to find for anyone looking for it. Making email unsubscribes easy creates a more positive experience with your brand.22. Don’t Pay For Lists There are lots of reasons you shouldn’t send emails to a paid list. Here are a handful: None of those people will understand why they’re getting email from a company that may or may not have ever heard about. A lot of those people are liable to unsubscribe and they won’t convert anyway. Worse, you could violate the CAN-SPAM Act. This could be extremely bad news for your business. Build your list fair and square, and avoid paying for lists. Avoid paying for #email #marketing lists:23. Use Mobile-Friendly Design Check out these mobile email stats from Campaign Monitor: Emails that don’t render properly on mobile devices may get deleted in under three seconds. At least 50% of email opens happen on mobile devices (an exact number is tough to pin down, but that’s a lot). Mobile users check email 3X more frequently than desktop users. 52% are less likely to buy from a company if their mobile experience is poor. What do all these numbers mean? In short, you need to provide subscribers with a strong mobile email experience. At a basic level, make sure you’re using responsive templates for designed emails (most modern email service providers should make this easy), and easily skimmable text for plain-text emails. If you’re working with a developer building HTML emails, explain the importance of optimizing for mobile devices (if they’re not already on board). Use the stats above to build your case. Are your marketing #emails mobile-friendly?24. Add Alt-Text to Images and Buttons Image alt-text  helps tell web browsers and email clients more about the contents of an image. It’s useful for two reasons: Helping the visually impaired understand what your images are. Providing context for images in case they can’t load. Here’s a brief tutorial on how to do this with Constant Contact (other email service providers work similarly): 25. Send Email at the Best Times for Most Opens and Clicks The best time to send email will differ depending on your audience. But, there’s been plenty of research done to give us some solid starting points. Follow these guidelines: Are you sending your #marketing #emails at the best times?26. Plan Your Email Schedule Around the Best Days to Send, Too Start with a schedule that looks like this: Here's how to pick the best days to send #marketing #email27. Manage Your Email Marketing Schedule on a Calendar Calendars and planning tools help build consistency. Consistency helps deliver results. Instead of slipping on your sending schedule, get it organized. If you haven’t downloaded the email calendar included in this post, grab it for free. Or, if you’re a customer, use its email integrations to map out all your sends (alongside the rest of your marketing projects and campaigns). If you’ve got some time, this demo recap video shows how it works: Email calendars make planning newsletter sends easier28. Optimize Your Email Sending Frequency Consistency is key to success. But, that doesn’t mean you should stick to doing things exactly the same way you always have, indefinitely. Smart marketers optimize their approach based on performance data over time. Email marketing should be no exception. Once a month, consider analyzing your email marketing sending frequency and note: Which times perform best? Which days perform best? Do open rates appear to drop off once a certain number of emails are sent? Are you getting a high number of complaints about excessive email (and do those complaints correlate with a drop in opens)? Gather this data using the in-app analytics in your email service provider. Then, adjust your schedule accordingly. Are you optimizing your #email sending frequency based on data and performance?29. Add Whitelisting Instructions to Your Emails Whitelisting  is a simple process email recipients can use to make sure messages from a certain sender go straight into their inbox (rather than a SPAM folder). According to Campaign Monitor: â€Å"Many email senders link to whitelist instructions from their email campaigns, to ensure that their campaigns are delivered straight to the inbox for as many recipients as possible. A common approach is to add a short message to your email content, like, â€Å"To keep receiving emails from us, please add us to your address book†. Head here to find a free code snippet  you can use to drop a link like this in your email. Make sure your emails get read! Learn all about whitelisting (and get 39 more great #email...30. Create Unique Email List Segments The subscribers on your email list may have unique interests or different backgrounds. Sending the same messages to different groups of people might not always get similar results from each one. For example, if you run an auto parts ecommerce site, customers interested in Honda Civic accessories might not be interested in information about pickup trucks. How could a marketer in this situation keep both groups equally engaged? By segmenting their email list based on interests. Here’s how to get started using four different email service providers (each of which integrate with ): MailChimp: Getting Started with Segments List segmentation in Campaign Monitor Active Campaign: How Do I Create a Segment of a List? Constant Contact: Create More Targeted Lists Using SegmentationUse list segmentation to make sure the right emails get to the right people 10 Email List Building Tips Without an email list, you’ll have no one to market toward. Use these 10 tips to build up your list and get more leads into the funnel. Recommended Reading: 21+ Easy Ways to Build an Email List That Will Skyrocket by 140% in 1 Year 31. Create Valuable Gated Content Upgrades Content upgrades are downloadable freebies gated behind an email opt-in form. To get these configured on your blog, website, or landing pages, you may need to get some developer help. But, once you’re ready to roll, here are some great ideas for content upgrades you can try: Templates. eBooks. PDF guides. Research reports. Slide presentations. White papers. Case studies. Ivan Kreimer wrote a great guide on creating content upgrades here. In the struggle to build an email list, content upgrades are your secret weapon.32. Include a Sticky CTA on Your Website Here’s an example from the Blog: If you don’t have the capability to set this up yourself, work with a developer to add an email signup CTA somewhere on your blog or website homepage. Use a CTA on your website to drive more #email signups33. Mention Subscriber Count to Leverage Social Proof Another note to make your sticky CTAs more effective: include some social proof. Mentioning your subscriber count (once you have some subscribers) shows potential leads that you’re offering something of value. Leverage social proof by mentioning your subscriber count in your email signup call-to-action:34. Include a Signup Link in Personal Emails If you email folks around your industry with your own work email account, drop a link in your signature to get your company’s email newsletters, too. If you email folks around your industry with your own work email account, drop a link in your...35. Launch a Contest (With an Email Opt-In Form) Contests and giveaways are a great way to gather email signups. You can do this in one of two ways: With a physical entry form (for brick-and-mortar stores). An online content with a signup landing page. Running a worthwhile contest can take a lot of effort. But, it’s worth it to build up a highly engaged email list. Fortunately, Matthew Barby has created an incredibly in-depth guide here. [Tweet "Contests are an awesome way to build #email #marketing lists:] 36. Run a List-Building Social Media Campaign If people are following you on social media, they’re obviously interested in your brand. So, why not get them onto your email list? Run a creative social campaign directing to your email signup page. customers can easily create cross-channel social campaigns: Create a social media campaign promoting your #email newsletter to get more sign-ups37. Optimize Your Email Opt-In Confirmation Process If you use a single opt-in process, email subscribers will be added to your list as soon as they complete a form. However, if you use a double opt-in process, subscribers will need to click a confirmation link on an email they’ll receive. The second option helps cut down on junk signups (if someone is going to bother to click the confirmation link, you know they really want to be on your list). But, if the confirmation email goes into a SPAM folder, you could miss out on subscribers. Follow your email service provider’s guidelines on using double opt-in processes effectively: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Active Campaign Constant Contact Use a double opt-in process to improve lead quality on your email list38. Use Wistia’s Turnstile to Turn Video Viewers Into Email Subscribers If you use Wistia for video hosting, don’t overlook using Turnstile  to add email opt-in forms to your videos. Find a video in your library and go to Timeline Actions: Then, click add Turnstile: You can then configure your video so viewers need to enter an email address to watch. Use Turnstile in @wistia to turn video viewers into email subscribers39. Try Exit Intent Pop-ups Once someone has spent some time on your site, make sure you don’t lose them after they leave. Exit intent pop-ups make it easy to capture email signups when people start to move their cursor to leave your site: Here are some exit intent popup examples  created with OptinMonster. Get more email signups with exit intent popups40. Add an Email Signup Link to Your Website Footer ’s Head of Demand Generation, Nathan Ellering, says you can expect a footer link to contribute around 1% to your overall list growth. But, they’re also extremely easy to add, and every little bit helps. Ask your developer if they can throw in a footer link to your email signup page.

Self Assessment Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self Assessment - Term Paper Example ) says that merchandise budget planning accounts for inventory shrinkage by indicating deviation between budgeted loses and loses causes by stock theft. Every merchandise budget factors in inventory loses expected as a result of conventional damages during stock handling, losses from discounts and those from general sales activities. In this context, any substantial divergence between the planned loss and actual losses after sales will account for inventory shrinkage. Sales = $26,000, stock 1 = $100,000 and stock 2 = $88,000. Difference in stock value = $12,000. This value represents inventory shrinkage within a single sales period of $26,000. Additions to stock is given by; (value of stock 1/sales) Ãâ€" (sales - inventory shrinkage). Additions = (100,000/26,000) Ãâ€" 14000 = $53,846. Based on the formula GMROI = Gross Margin Ãâ€" (Sales/Average Inventory Cost). Gross margin = 46/100. This means 1.3 = 0.46 Ãâ€" sales-to-stock ratio. Therefore, sales to stock ratio = 2.8:1. In this case, the stock-to-sales ratio for 6 months = 2.8 : 1. In retail marketing, the concept of stock-to-sales ratio shows the relationship between the quantity of inventory in stock and the amount of sales. In August, there will be a high stock-to-sales ratio as compared to that of September. According to Toomey (2010), a high ratio in August means that substantial value of capital is tied up in inventory with little sales. On the contrary, September comes with significant sales; hence the ratio reduces as inventory value melts away due to increasing sales. This rule helps retail managers to acknowledge the fact that approximately 80% of sales will come from 20% of the entire stock. On the contrary, 20% of the stock levels will cause 80% of the losses incurred during sales. According to Toomey (2010), the Pareto rule helps retail managers to focus on only 20% of the inventory levels. This rule should serve as a reminder that managers should focus on controlling inventory levels of fast-selling

Sexual Discrimination Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sexual Discrimination - Case Study Example Sergeant Williams, a churchwarden at St Augustine's was uneasy that an acknowledged homosexual should be working as a caretaker at the parish school. He voiced his concerns to the school's head teacher who brought the matter to a meeting of the school's governing body. They endorse Sergeant Williams' concerns and advise that Jeffrey's contract should be terminated. This year, in the local police station, Desk Sergeant Williams took Jeffrey's statement reporting the fact that his flat has been broken into and several valuable items have been stolen, which statement also revealed Jeffrey's sexual orientation. Sergeant Williams, who was also a churchwarden of St. Augustine, reported his concerns of having an acknowledged homosexual working as the parish school caretaker to the school head teacher. Jeffrey's employment contract was terminated by the head teacher after the school's board of governors endorsed Sergeant Williams' concerns. Jeffrey filed the present application for injunctive relief to prevent the school administration from implementing the dismissal decision as well as appeal the same with prayer claiming for additional damages over and above the notice period for the period that the statutory dismissal or disciplinary procedure would have taken. The Employment Act 2002... injunctive relief to prevent the school administration from implementing the dismissal decision as well as appeal the same with prayer claiming for additional damages over and above the notice period for the period that the statutory dismissal or disciplinary procedure would have taken. II. LAW - Relevant Domestic and European Community Law, Convention and Practice i. Under the Employment Act 2002: The complainant employee alleges that the dismissal impinges upon his rights under s.35 of the Employment Act 2002: the right to procedural fairness through the internal dismissal procedure to determine whether there are extant grounds to dismiss the employee; the right to accompaniment or assistance by a trade union representative or work colleague; and The right to appeal the grievance decision. The complainant's rights under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 are asserted to be also violated. The Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004 requires that the employer afford the employee the procedural fairness through internal dismissal/disciplinary procedures. The Employment Act 2002 (Dispute Resolution) Regulations 2004 provides, inter alia: Application of dismissal and disciplinary procedures 3. -(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and regulation 4, the standard dismissal and disciplinary procedure applies when an employer contemplates dismissing or taking relevant disciplinary action against an employee. (2) Subject to regulation 4, the modified dismissal procedure applies in relation to a dismissal where- (a) the employer dismissed the employee by reason of his conduct without notice, (b) the dismissal occurred at the time the employer became aware of the conduct or immediately thereafter, (c)

Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry Organic Nomenclature Oxford Dictionaries (n.d.) defines nomenclature as â€Å"the devising or choosing of names for things, especially in a science or other discipline†{Dictionaries, #[emailprotected]@author-year}. I believe the easiest way to understand the rules associated with the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is with examples and so the majority of this essay will be dealing with examples and their explanations. Simek (1999) introduces the systematic naming of an organic compound with a fundamental rule, that to begin naming, one must first identify the parent structure, â€Å"based on naming a molecule’s longest chain of carbons connected by single bonds, whether in a continuous chain or in a ring†. After which, â€Å"all deviations, either multiple bonds or atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, are indicated by prefixes or suffixes according to a specific set of priorities†. Simek (1999) also describes how alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, which are molecules only containing carbon and hydrogen bonded by single bonds only. Alkanes can be subdivided into two main groups, linear and cyclic; linear describes molecules that can be bonded in continuous chains and cyclic describes molecules that are bonded in a ring like structure. The simplest of all to name are straight chain alkanes: CH4Methane C2H6Ethane C3H8Propane C4H10Butane C5H12Pentane C6H14Hexane C7H16Heptane C8H18Octane C9H20Nonane C10H22Decane C11H24Undecane C12H26Dodecane In order to name cycloalkanes, the prefix â€Å"cyclo† is used: C3H6CyclopropaneC4H8Cyclobutane C5H10Cycloheptane Nomenclature of Branched Chain Alkanes University of California, Davis (n.d.) describes how â€Å"An alkyl group is formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain, and is described by the formula CnH2n+1. The removal of this hydrogen results in a stem change from-aneto-yl.† E.g. Propane to propyl. In order to systematically name a molecule, first identify the parent structure. In this case the longest carbon chain is 6-Carbons long, as a result the parent structure is Hexane. The carbons in the chain are numbered from the end giving the substituents (The group substituted in place of hydrogen, in this case the substituent is CH3-Methyl) the lowest possible number The substituents or functional groups that are attached to the parent chain are then named. There are two, one-carbon long alkyl groups and as a result take methane, drop the -ane and replace it with –yl ­, giving methyl. N.B. If the alkyl group is two-carbons long (CH3CH2), the name would be ethyl, CH3CH2CH2- propyl, CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl. Number the substituents to identify their positions relative to the parent structure. Here, substituent positions are 2 and 4. Hardinger (2008) emphasises that a number must be assigned to each substituent, along with its prefix (di-, tri-, terta-, penta-, etc.), even if the same substituents are present in the molecule In this example 2,4-dimethyl. Position numbers for substituents are ordered numerically, substituent names are ordered alphabetically (prefixes such as di-, tri-, tetra-, etc., are excluded from alphabetical ordering, but cyclo, iso and neo are included) and are then written before the parent name. If these rules are adhered to, the molecule is named as: 2,4-dimethylhexane. Nomenclature of Alkenes Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons and differ from alkanes, as they have at least one C=C double bond. Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n, which is the same general formula for cycloalkanes. Following the same basic rules as before, identify the parent structure. Here, the longest carbon chain is 7-Carbons long, thus the parent structure is heptane. The molecule is numbered so that the substituents have the lowest possible position numbers. The substituents are then named. As the molecule has a double bond, it is identified as an alkene and as the parent structure is heptane, it is named heptene. However, take into account there is also a methyl group. Numbering the positions of the substituents gives, 2-methyl and 1,3-diene, since the molecule contains one methyl group and two double bonds. Position numbers are ordered numerically, the substituents ordered alphabetically and both written before the parent name. Due to the fact the double bonds use a suffix (-ene is at the end of the name), 1,3-diene is not ordered before 2-methyl. Systematically naming the molecule gives it an IUPAC name of: 2-methylhepta-1,3-diene. Nomenclature of Haloalkanes Haloalkanes are organic compounds, where an alkane contains at least one halogen. Haloalkanes have a general formula of CnH2n+1X (X=Halogen e.g. Cl) In order to name haloalkanes, the –ine of the halogen name is removed, leaving the prefix (e.g. fluorine becomes floro-, chlorine becomes chloro-, etc.). The same rules are then applied to systematically name the haloalkane. Nomenclature of Alkynes Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, as they contain at least one C≠¡C bond. Alkynes have the general formula CnH2n-2. Again identify the parent structure, the longest carbon chain is 7-Carbons long and therefore the parent structure is identified as heptane. The molecule is numbered so substituent positions have the lowest possible numbers. Here the substituents are: two methyl groups, one chloro group and one C≠¡C triple bond. The longest chain is 7-Carbons long and contains a C≠¡C triple bond; therefore, it is identified as heptyne. The substituent positions are numbered giving: 6,6-dimethyl, 4-chloro and hept-2-yne. Finally position numbers are ordered numerically, substituent names are ordered alphabetically and are written in front of the parent name. The molecule is given an IUPAC name: 4-chloro-6,6-dimethylhept-2-yne. Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohols are organic compounds containing at least one –OH group bonded to it. The hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen on a carbon and because of this, alcohols have the general formula CnH2n+1OH. The parent structure for this molecule is identified as octane, since the longest carbon chain is 8-Carbons long. The molecule is numbered, giving the lowest possible numbers to substituents. Substituents in this molecule are: one hydroxyl group and one chloro group. The longest carbon chain is 8-Carbons long and since it contains a hydroxyl group, it is identified as an alcohol. The position numbers for substituents are: 4-chloro and octan-2-ol. Position numbers are ordered numerically, substituent names are ordered alphabetically and are placed before the parent name (the hydroxyl group identifies the molecule as an alcohol, as such, it uses the suffix –ol instead of the prefix hydroxy-). The molecule has an IUPAC name: 4-chlorooctan-2-ol. Nomenclature of Amines Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3), the replacing of one or more hydrogens in ammonia with organic compound(s) creates an amine. Replacing one hydrogen, will create a primary amine, two hydrogens – secondary amine, three hydrogens – tertiary amine. Methylamine (primary) Dimethylamine (secondary) Trimethylamine (tertiary) When naming amines, the longest carbon chain including the amine group is determined and numbered so to give the amine group the lowest possible position number. If the molecule is a secondary amine, the longest carbon chain is used as the parent structure and the other chain is denoted with N-alkyl (if both chains are of equal length, the molecule can be named dialkylamine). If the molecule is a tertiary amine, like secondary amines the longest carbon chain is used as the parent structure and the other chains are denoted with N-alkyl (if all chains are of equal length, the molecule can be named trialkylamine). Nomenclature of Ethers University of California, Davis (n.d.) describes ethers as, organic compounds that contain two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom (e.g. CH3CH2OCH3). Ethers only use the prefix alkoxy-, where the –ane of the alkane is removed. According to University of California, Davis (n.d.) the prefix alkoxy- is always treated as a substituent, because there is no suffix for ethers. When naming the molecule the shorter carbon chain becomes the alkoxy- substituent (e.g. methoxy) and the longer carbon chain is identified as the parent structure. Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones Both aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds that contain the carbonyl group C=O. Aldehydes feature at the end of a carbon chain (e.g. CH3CH2CH2CHO), whereas, ketones are part of the carbon chain (e.g. CH3CH2COCH3) When naming aldehydes it is important to note that they exist only on the ends of carbon chains and therefore do not need a position number included in the name, the aldehyde is presumed to be position 1. Aldehyde’s use the suffix –al in naming and replace the –e at the end of alkanes (e.g. Butane becomes butanal). Ketones use the suffix –one in naming and replace the –e at the end of alkanes (e.g. pentane becomes pentanone); however, unlike aldehydes ketones need position numbers, as there are multiple positions for the C=O bond (with the exception of simple ketones like propanone, as there is only one position for the carbonyl group). Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain the carboxyl group COOH. Like aldehydes carboxylic acids are only present at the end of carbon chains and therefore, do not have positions numbers. Carboxylic acids use the suffix –oic acid and replace the –e at the end of alkanes (e.g. Ethane becomes ethanoic acid). N.B. One must be aware, that although there are systematic IUPAC names for all molecules, some molecules have common names e.g. ethanoic acid used to be known as acetic acid and is most commonly known as vinegar. Nomenclature of Esters Esters are formed from reacting a carboxylic acids with alcohols. University of California, Davis (n.d.) briefly explains, that esters are named by treating the alkyl chain from the alcohol as a substituent and the carboxylic acid forms the parent structure, where the –oic acid part is replaced with –oate (e.g. Ethanoic acid becomes ethanoate). Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds Simek (1999) describes, how aromatic compounds are derived from benzene rings (C6H6), by replacing one hydrogen with a substituent group. The removal of one hydrogen from the benzene results in the phenyl group. When naming aromatic compounds the parent name benzene is used and appropriate prefixes. Priority Rules of Nomenclature When the molecule being named has multiple functional groups and substituent groups, the group with highest priority is numbered so it has the lowest possible position number. This list based on Simek’s (1999) priority table, shows priorities from highest to lowest: Carboxylic Acids Esters Aldehydes Ketones Alcohols Amines Alkenes Alkynes Alkyls Ethers Halo Compounds Aromatic Compounds References: Simek, J., 1999.IUPAC_Handout. [e-book] San Luis Obispo: California Polytechnic State University. Available at: http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/organic/IUPAC_Handout.pdf [Accessed 10 Feb. 14] Lam, D., n.d. [online] Nomenclature of Benzenes – Chemwiki. Available at: http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Organic_Chemistry/Hydrocarbons/Aromatics/Nomenclature_of_Benzenes [Accessed 13 Feb. 14] Oxford Dictionaries. N.d. [online]nomenclature: definition of nomenclature in Oxford dictionary (British World English). Available at: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/nomenclature [Accessed 10 Feb. 14] Hardinger, S., 2008. Nomenclature_02. [e-book] Los Angeles: University of California. Available at: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/notes/nomenclature_02.pdf [Accessed 10 Feb. 14] Clark, J. 2000. [online] Naming aromatic compounds. Available at: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/conventions/names3.html [Accessed 12 Feb. 14]